@article{scholars19656,
            note = {cited By 0},
         journal = {International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology},
          number = {10},
           title = {Investigating the influence of the composition of the modified lignin-epoxy coating on hydrophobicity, using Box{\^a}??Behnken design optimization model},
          volume = {21},
           pages = {7237--7248},
            year = {2024},
             doi = {10.1007/s13762-024-05461-7},
          author = {Chowdhury, N. E. and Bt Megat Yusoff, P. S. M. and B Mustapha, M. and Bt Che Lah, N. F.},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85184479542&doi=10.1007\%2fs13762-024-05461-7&partnerID=40&md5=fbf0e6551950cf6e00ee614b6426cc33},
        keywords = {Carbon steel; Curing; Epoxy resins; Lignin; Organic coatings; Phenols; Silicon compounds, Aminopropyltriethoxysilane; Bisphenol A; Bisphenol A epichlorohydrin; Bisphenols-A; Box-Behnken design; Box{\^a}??behnken design model; Curing agents; Design models; Epichlorohydrin; P-values, Hydrophobicity, adhesion; chemical composition; chemical compound; coating; experimental design; hydrophobicity; lignin; numerical model; optimization; response surface methodology, Carbon Steel; Curing; Phenols; Polyepoxides; Silicon Compounds},
        abstract = {Conventionally bisphenol{\^A} A epichlorohydrin (BPA-EC){\^A} is used as epoxy resin and cycloaliphatic amine is used as a curing agent for industrial corrosion mitigation. However, due to their noticeable toxicity, alternative curing agents and decreasing the conventional compounds in the{\^A} coating is a demanding task. Aminopropyltriethoxysilane can be an alternative curing agent and lignin can partially replace BPA-EC, as the preliminary adhesion study of the developed coating suggested. However, other characteristics of the coating need to be examined to evaluate the coating holistically. Hydrophobicity is such a characteristic, which plays a leading role in enhancing the anti-corrosivity of the coating, especially for coating, implemented on submerged metallic bodies. The current study attempted to find the justification of BPA-EC in terms of hydrophobicity. The response surface methodology has been followed using the Box{\^a}??Behnken design model to investigate the respective and cumulative effect of each element. Initially, the model has a P value of 0.0198, with some of the terms not significant. Thus, a modified model has been introduced keeping only the terms, close to the{\^A} significant p-value of 0.05. Finally, a P-value of 0.0001 has been achieved. Experimental verification of the response values exhibited an average error of 9.84. The result showed a non-linear association between the respective constituents. Statistics showed that BPA-EC positively impacts hydrophobicity. Thus, to maintain the hydrophobicity rather than 100 replacement by lignin, a minimum level of bisphenol epichlorohydrin is obligatory; ensuring the legitimacy of the constituents in the coating. {\^A}{\copyright} The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Iranian Society of Environmentalists (IRSEN) and Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University 2024.}
}