eprintid: 19598 rev_number: 2 eprint_status: archive userid: 1 dir: disk0/00/01/95/98 datestamp: 2024-06-04 14:19:20 lastmod: 2024-06-04 14:19:20 status_changed: 2024-06-04 14:15:23 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Sim, M.S. creators_name: You, K.Y. creators_name: Dewan, R. creators_name: Esa, F. creators_name: Salim, M.R. creators_name: Khe, C.S. creators_name: Kew, S.Y.N. creators_name: Hamid, F. title: Microwave sensors loaded with metamaterial-inspired resonators for dielectric material characterization: A review ispublished: pub keywords: Data handling; Dielectric devices; Dielectric materials; Electric excitation; Electric lines; Excited states; Microwave resonators; Microwave sensors; Optical resonators; Ring gages; Waveguides, Design strategies; Dielectric material characterization; Dielectric sensors; Free spaces; Frequency shift; Measurement system; Metasurface; Performance; Splitring resonators; Transmission-line, Metamaterials note: cited By 0 abstract: The superior performance of metamaterial-inspired sensors has enabled their application in various material characterization tasks, such as dielectric constant measurement, concentration determination, composition quantification, and impurity or defect detection. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in metamaterial-inspired sensors, with a specific focus on their design aspects. The applications, working principles, and classifications of these sensors are systematically introduced. A novel classification system for metamaterial-based sensors is proposed to categorize them based on their measurement systems, which are planar transmission lines, cavity waveguides, and free-space measurements. Each metamaterial-loaded measurement system is analysed, considering excitation techniques for resonators and the loading configuration of samples under test. Design strategies, including resonator and sensor topology optimization, appropriate material selection, advanced fabrication and data processing techniques, and simplified operations, are reviewed. Lastly, current challenges, encompassing instrumental, sample-related, and application challenges, are addressed. It is envisioned that the design strategies are useful in the development of microwave sensors with enhanced sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, and robustness. © 2024 Elsevier B.V. date: 2024 official_url: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85189942198&doi=10.1016%2fj.sna.2024.115322&partnerID=40&md5=2ac2826e2c36e725d595921f31655b05 id_number: 10.1016/j.sna.2024.115322 full_text_status: none publication: Sensors and Actuators A: Physical volume: 372 refereed: TRUE citation: Sim, M.S. and You, K.Y. and Dewan, R. and Esa, F. and Salim, M.R. and Khe, C.S. and Kew, S.Y.N. and Hamid, F. (2024) Microwave sensors loaded with metamaterial-inspired resonators for dielectric material characterization: A review. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 372.