TY  - JOUR
N1  - cited By 1
N2  - The strategic integration of bio-based catalytic design principles and the intricacies of microwave irradiation offers a viable path to improving the sustainability and efficiency of biodiesel production. In this work, we produced novel biomass-derived sulfonated graphene oxide (bGO-SO3H) and reduced graphene oxide (brGO-SO3H), examining their collaborative effects with microwave irradiation on reaction efficacy. Sulfonation in catalysts was evident through 1) reduced mass loss during thermal decomposition (bGO-SO3H: 34.5 ; brGO-SO3H: 29.4 ) compared to precursors (bGO: 55.6 ; brGO: 20.3 ), indicating decreased oxygen-containing functional groups; 2) higher TPD-acidic sites (bGO-SO3H: 3.17 mmol gâ??1; brGO-SO3H: 3.24 mmol gâ??1), supported by titration-acid density (bGO-SO3H: 2.97 mmol gâ??1; brGO-SO3H: 3.83 mmol gâ??1); and 3) additional C1s peaks attributed to C-S bonds in sulfonic moieties and a significant increase in sp2 carbon content compared to their precursors, confirmed by ID/IG ratio reduction (bGO-SO3H: 1.09 to 0.98, brGO-SO3H: 0.99 to 0.95). Despite modest surface areas (18â??44 m2/g), both catalysts exhibited significantly elevated acid densities (0.05â??4.83 mmol gâ??1) post-sulfonation. Under optimized conditions (2 wt catalysts, 25:1 methanol-to-oil ratio, 25 min at 75 °C), bGO-SO3H yielded 90.97  FAME yield, while brGO-SO3H achieved 97.45  with a reduced dosage (1.5 wt), shorter time (20 min), and less methanol (20:1). Despite catalytic deactivation, our study demonstrates reduced catalyst consumption, a lower reaction temperature, and a shortened conversion time compared to prior findings, thereby enhancing the efficiency of biodiesel production. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
KW  - Biomass; Catalysts; Decomposition; Efficiency; Graphene; Irradiation; Methanol; Microwave irradiation; Sulfonation
KW  -  Bio-based; Biodiesel production; Catalytic efficiencies; Catalytic stability; Design Principles; Graphene oxides; Microwave- irradiations; Strategic integration; Sulphonation; ]+ catalyst
KW  -  Biodiesel
ID  - scholars19583
TI  - Catalytic efficiency and stability of biomass-derived sulfonated graphene catalysts in microwave-enhanced biodiesel production
AV  - none
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85188828184&doi=10.1016%2fj.fuel.2024.131580&partnerID=40&md5=2f33fd2756bdd98b81215983ab3fb2c7
JF  - Fuel
A1  - Ahmad Farid, M.A.
A1  - Mohd Johari, S.A.
A1  - Lease, J.
A1  - Ayoub, M.
A1  - Andou, Y.
VL  - 368
Y1  - 2024///
ER  -