TY  - JOUR
EP  - 2507
SN  - 09601481
SP  - 2502
TI  - Enhanced in situ ethanolysis of Jatropha curcas L. in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a phase transfer catalyst
N1  - cited By 16
AV  - none
VL  - 36
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79954571051&doi=10.1016%2fj.renene.2011.03.001&partnerID=40&md5=aa9bbe86f4a0881692036a4439f67613
JF  - Renewable Energy
A1  - Hailegiorgis, S.M.
A1  - Mahadzir, S.
A1  - Subbarao, D.
Y1  - 2011///
KW  - Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromides; Fatty acid ethyl esters; In situ transesterification; Jatropha curcas; Phase transfer catalysis
KW  -  Ammonium compounds; Bromine compounds; Catalysis; Catalysts; Esterification; Ethanol; Fatty acids; Reaction rates; Sodium; Transesterification; Vegetable oils
KW  -  Esters
KW  -  bromide; catalysis; catalyst; ester; ethanol; experimental study; hydroxide; low temperature; phase transition; shrub; temperature effect; vegetable oil
KW  -  Jatropha curcas
ID  - scholars1948
N2  - Limited solubility of alcohols in vegetable oils hinders transesterification reaction process. Phase transfer catalysis can be of great advantage to enhance the reaction rates. Addition of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a phase transfer catalyst on in situ transesterification of Jatropha curcas L. with alkaline ethanol was investigated. Use of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide increased the yield of fatty acid ethyl esters. Optimum operating conditions were experimentally established. Yield of fatty acid ethyl esters increased from 89.2 wt to 99.5 wt with reduced requirement of ethanol by 16.7 v, sodium hydroxide catalyst by 33.3 wt, at a lower temperature of 30 °C and reduced mixing speed in shorter reaction time. The quality of fatty acid ethyl esters fuel conforms to the standards of ASTM D6751 and EN-14214. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
IS  - 9
ER  -