TY  - JOUR
KW  - Frequency hopping; Internet of things; Surveying
KW  -  Expected signal power; Experimental evaluation; Localisation; Long range wide area network; Outdoor localizations; Path loss exponent; Signal power; Trilateration; Wide-area networks
KW  -  Wide area networks
ID  - scholars19368
TI  - Experimental Evaluation of Trilateration-Based Outdoor Localization with LoRaWAN
SP  - 845
N1  - cited By 1
N2  - Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) in the Internet of Things (IoT) domain has been the subject of interest for researchers. There is an increasing demand to localize these IoT devices using LoRaWAN due to the quickly growing number of IoT devices. LoRaWAN is well suited to support localization applications in IoTs due to its low power consumption and long range. Multiple approaches have been proposed to solve the localization problem using LoRaWAN. The Expected Signal Power (ESP) based trilateration algorithm has the significant potential for localization because ESP can identify the signalâ??s energy below the noise floor with no additional hardware requirements and ease of implementation. This research article offers the technical evaluation of the trilateration technique, its efficiency, and its limitations for the localization using LoRa ESP in a large outdoor populated campus environment. Additionally, experimental evaluations are conducted to determine the effects of frequency hopping, outlier removal, and increasing the number of gateways on localization accuracy. Results obtained from the experiment show the importance of calculating the path loss exponent for every frequency to circumvent the high localization error because of the frequency hopping, thus improving the localization performance without the need of using only a single frequency. © 2023 Tech Science Press. All rights reserved.
IS  - 1
AV  - none
VL  - 75
EP  - 862
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85148009536&doi=10.32604%2fcmc.2023.033636&partnerID=40&md5=04094db74f5a743ebd3b2f87bef2e99d
A1  - Magsi, S.A.
A1  - Khir, M.H.B.M.
A1  - Nawi, I.B.M.
A1  - Hasan, M.A.
A1  - Ullah, Z.
A1  - Khan, F.U.
A1  - Saboor, A.
A1  - Siddiqui, M.A.
JF  - Computers, Materials and Continua
Y1  - 2023///
ER  -