%K Biomass; Catalyst selectivity; Economic analysis; Gasification; Life cycle; Microwave devices; Palm oil, Bio-energy; Bioenergy productions; Circular economy; Future prospects; Microwave processing; Microwave technology; Oil palm waste; Torrefaction; Valorisation; Value added products, Pyrolysis, adsorbent; biofuel; charcoal; fertilizer; phenol; synfuel; biofuel; phenol derivative, biochar; bioenergy; biomass; carbon emission; heating; life cycle; life cycle analysis; pyrolysis, agricultural waste; Article; bioenergy; biomass valorization; biotechnological production; carbon emission; catalyst; economic aspect; Elaeis; environmental impact; environmental sustainability; gasification; life cycle assessment; microwave cooking; microwave irradiation; processing; pyrolysis; quantitative analysis; waste component removal; waste management; biomass; microwave radiation; technology, Biofuels; Biomass; Microwaves; Phenols; Technology
%X The valorization and conversion of biomass into various value-added products and bioenergy play an important role in the realization of sustainable circular bioeconomy and net zero carbon emission goals. To that end, microwave technology has been perceived as a promising solution to process and manage oil palm waste due to its unique and efficient heating mechanism. This review presents an in-depth analysis focusing on microwave-assisted torrefaction, gasification, pyrolysis and advanced pyrolysis of various oil palm wastes. In particular, the products from these thermochemical conversion processes are energy-dense biochar (that could be used as solid fuel, adsorbents for contaminants removal and bio-fertilizer), phenolic-rich bio-oil, and H2-rich syngas. However, several challenges, including (1) the lack of detailed study on life cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis, (2) limited insights on the specific foreknowledge of microwave interaction with the oil palm wastes for continuous operation, and (3) effects of tunable parameters and catalyst's behavior/influence on the products� selectivity and overall process's efficiency, remain to be addressed in the context of large-scale biomass valorization via microwave technology. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
%O cited By 19
%J Bioresource Technology
%L scholars18874
%D 2023
%R 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128478
%T Microwave processing of oil palm wastes for bioenergy production and circular economy: Recent advancements, challenges, and future prospects
%V 369
%A S.Y. Foong
%A Y.H. Chan
%A S.S.M. Lock
%A B.L.F. Chin
%A C.L. Yiin
%A K.W. Cheah
%A A.C.M. Loy
%A P.N.Y. Yek
%A W.W.F. Chong
%A S.S. Lam