%0 Journal Article
%A Mahtar, A.
%A Sulaimon, A.A.
%A Wilfred, C.D.
%D 2023
%F scholars:18630
%J Molecules
%N 8
%R 10.3390/molecules28083390
%T Lignosulfonate-Based Ionic Liquids as Asphaltene Dispersants
%U https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/18630/
%V 28
%X Asphaltenes are recognized as being troublesome from upstream to downstream in the oil industry due to their tendency to precipitate and self-associate. Their extraction from asphaltenic crude oil for a cost-effective refining process is a crucial and critical challenge in the oil and gas sector. Lignosulfonate (LS), as a by-product of the wood pulping process in the papermaking industry, is a highly available and underutilized feedstock. This study aimed to synthesize novel LS-based ionic liquids (ILs) by reacting lignosulfonate acid sodium salt Na2LS with different alkyl chains of piperidinium chloride for asphaltene dispersion. The synthesized ILs, 1-hexyl-1-methyl-piperidinium lignosulfonate C6C1Pip2LS, 1-octyl-1-methyl-piperidinium lignosulfonate C8C1Pip2LS, 1-dodecyl-1-methyl-piperidinium lignosulfonate C12C1Pip2LS and 1-hexadecyl-1-methyl-piperidinium lignosulfonate C16C1Pip2LS were characterized using FTIR-ATR and 1H NMR for functional groups and structural confirmation. The ILs depicted high thermal stability because of the presence of a long side alkyl chain and piperidinium cation following thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Asphaltene dispersion indices (%) of ILs were tested by varying contact time, temperature and ILs concentration. The obtained indices were high for all ILs, with a dispersion index of more than 91.2% C16C1Pip2LS, representing the highest dispersion at 50,000 ppm. It was able to lower asphaltene particle size diameter from 51 nm to 11 nm. The kinetic data of C16C1Pip2LS were consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The dispersion index (%), asphaltene particle growth and the kinetic model agreed with the molecular modeling studies of the HOMO�LUMO energy of IL holds. © 2023 by the authors.
%Z cited By 2