TY  - JOUR
KW  - Activation analysis; Activation energy; Fouling; Heat exchangers
KW  -  Critical analysis; Fouling behavior; Fouling model; Modeling; Modeling approach; Modelling strategies; Operating condition; Semi-empirical; Thermal hydraulics; Threshold model
KW  -  Crude oil
ID  - scholars18624
TI  - Modeling Strategies for Crude Oil-Induced Fouling in Heat Exchangers: A Review
N2  - Semi-empirical fouling models have proven more effective in predicting the fouling behavior of crude oils in heat exchangers. These models have aided refineries in optimizing operating conditions to minimize or eliminate fouling in preheat exchangers. Despite their complexity, the models continue to improve in approximating real behavior by taking into account previously neglected aspects. This paper summarizes these findings from various studies along with highlighting different factors which were considered to enhance the predictability of the models. A critical analysis is presented to emphasize that activation energy in the deposition term varies depending on the physical processes involved and may not conform to the precise definition of activation energy. Two primary modeling approaches for crude oil fouling have emerged, i.e., deterministic and threshold models. Threshold models have gained more attention due to their fewer adjustable parameters. The stability or compatibility of crude oils has a substantial impact on asphaltene deposition, which is a major contributor to fouling. However, incorporating this factor into fouling models has received little attention. The inclusion of parameters for inorganic fraction and ageing has increased predictability by accurately estimating the fouling thickness. The use of CFD to analyze fouling mechanisms is promising, particularly for complex geometries. The dynamic and moving boundary modeling approach has potential to broaden the applicability of fouling models. © 2023 by the authors.
IS  - 4
N1  - cited By 2
AV  - none
VL  - 11
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85156176291&doi=10.3390%2fpr11041036&partnerID=40&md5=77d12ed4d6fc11a8e1874abd7b18058e
A1  - Rehman, O.U.
A1  - Ramasamy, M.G.
A1  - Rozali, N.E.M.
A1  - Mahadzir, S.
A1  - Ghumman, A.S.M.
A1  - Qureshi, A.H.
JF  - Processes
Y1  - 2023///
ER  -