%P 2471-2494
%A G. Thirunavukkarasu
%A G. Murugesan
%A A.A. Aziz
%A S. Kowsikkumar
%I Springer
%V 130
%T Quad Element Beamforming Microstrip Antenna for Indoor User Equipment Localization at 6Â GHz Band
%N 4
%R 10.1007/s11277-023-10388-2
%D 2023
%L scholars18520
%J Wireless Personal Communications
%O cited By 0
%X Beamforming is one of the vibrant emerging techniques for the next generation of wireless communication. It has many applications including localization of objects in indoor and outdoor environment, radar, D2D communication, vehicular networks, astronomy, and biomedical instruments. The main requirements of beamforming are the antenna with narrow beamwidth and a network for steering the beam in the desired direction. In this paper, a Quad-element microstrip array antenna with H-type feeding and corporate feeding are proposed as beamforming antennas to locate the user equipment in indoor WiFi, and WLAN environment. The performance metrics such as, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), return loss and gain are also evaluated for the variety of arrangement of array elements with the single element microstrip antenna. The test result shows that the proposed array antenna provides unidirectional at 2.26 and 6.35 GHz. It measures a VSWR of less than 2 dB which is desirable. Moreover, it gives a return loss of �12.63 dB at 6.54 GHz and �16.21 dB at 6.63 GHz. It shows that designed antenna is suitable for beamforming for user equipment localization at indoor environment. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
%K Antenna feeders; Beam forming networks; Indoor positioning systems; Microstrip antennas; Microwave antennas; Radar antennas; Wireless local area networks (WLAN), Corporate feed; H-type feed; Indoor environment; Localisation; Microstrip arrays; Quad elements; Quad-element microstrip array; Sub-6 GHz; User equipments; Voltage standing-wave ratio, Beamforming