TY  - JOUR
IS  - 13
N2  - This study investigated the efficiency of LENFLOCā?¢ production using a microwave-assisted continuous-flow grafting process. The study discussed the contribution of plant-based coagulants for water and wastewater treatment toward the circular economy in water treatment. Lentil waste extract was used to produce LENFLOCā?¢ using (2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride with 75 wt. on H2O as a chain monomer and cerium ammonium nitrate (ā?„98) as an initiator. The continuous flow grafting process was conducted at a constant flowrate of 60 mL/min and reaction time of 30 s. The process was optimised using RSM to obtain optimum conditions of process factors. Characterisation studies were conducted using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray. A comparison study was performed using a Jar test with LENFLOCā?¢, lentil waste extract, and a polymer as coagulants. The results obtained show that the continuous-flow grafting process was efficient with an optimum grafting percentage of 330. The characterisation studies confirmed the grafting process. A 99 turbidity removal rate was achieved with LENFLOCā?¢ as a coagulant with a lower dosage compared to the lentil waste extract. Furthermore, microscope imaging showed improved floc compaction when using LENFLOCā?¢ as a coagulant. The continuous-flow grafting process has been shown to be effective; therefore, its potential for upscaling the process is possible. Ā© 2023 by the authors.
N1  - cited By 0
TI  - Continuous-Flow Grafting of LENFLOCā?¢ Coagulant for Water Treatment toward Circular Economy
ID  - scholars18429
KW  - Cerium compounds; Chemical water treatment; Chlorine compounds; Coagulation; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Grafting (chemical); Scanning electron microscopy; Wastewater treatment
KW  -  Characterization studies; Circular economy; Circular economy of water; Continuous-flow; Continuous-flow grafting; Grafting process; Microwave-assisted; Plant-based coagulant; Sludge; Water and wastewater treatments
KW  -  Flocculation
KW  -  ammonium nitrate; chloride; coagulation; flocculation; polymer; wastewater; wastewater treatment
AV  - none
A1  - Usman, I.M.T.
A1  - Ho, Y.-C.
A1  - Lam, M.-K.
A1  - Show, P.-L.
A1  - Sujarwo, W.
JF  - Water (Switzerland)
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85164773163&doi=10.3390%2fw15132484&partnerID=40&md5=758bdfd67f68434c7f8bd26e666930f5
VL  - 15
Y1  - 2023///
ER  -