@article{scholars18400,
           title = {Facile synthesis of MoS2 nanoflower-Ag NPs grown on lignin-derived graphene for Troponin I aptasensing},
         journal = {Chemical Engineering Journal},
            note = {cited By 4},
          volume = {468},
             doi = {10.1016/j.cej.2023.143613},
            year = {2023},
          author = {Vasudevan, M. and Remesh, S. and Perumal, V. and Raja, P. B. and Ibrahim, M. N. M. and Gopinath, S. C. B. and Karuppanan, S. and Ovinis, M.},
        keywords = {Biomarkers; Cardiology; Energy dispersive spectroscopy; Graphene; Layered semiconductors; Lignin; Molybdenum disulfide; Palm oil; Raman spectroscopy; Silver nanoparticles, Acute myocardial infarction; Development and applications; Electrical conductivity; Facile synthesis; Laser scribed graphene; Laser scribing process; Oil palm; Synthesised; Troponin; X-ray spectroscopy, Biopolymers, Area; Detection; Oil; Processes; Raman Spectroscopy; Sensitivity; Stability},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85160093483&doi=10.1016\%2fj.cej.2023.143613&partnerID=40&md5=07c4fa0b83065378ebd2f9695252b8be},
        abstract = {This article presents the development and application of a green lignin-derived graphene biosensor for Troponin I, a biomarker for Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI). The graphene was synthesized from oil palm lignin through an optimized laser scribing process. While the three-dimensional nature of the laser-scribed lignin-derived graphene (3D LSG) is advantageous, it suffers from poor electrical conductivity due to the amorphous nature of lignin. Therefore, semi-conductive molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) precursor with conductive green silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) was added to 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g of 3D LSG to synthesize 3D LSGMoS2Ag NPs hybrids via an aqueous hydrothermal process. Morphological, physical, and structural analyses showed the presence of petal-like MoS2 nanoflower with Ag NPs on the 3D LSG surface. The strong interrelation between 3D LSG, MoS2, and Ag NPs was confirmed by X-ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Specifically, X-ray spectroscopy revealed the formation of O1s, Ag 3d, C1s, Mo 3d, and S2p in the 3D LSGMoS2Ag NPs-2.0 hybrid. Raman spectroscopy revealed an enhancement in the surface area of the 3D LSGMoS2Ag NPs-2.0 hybrid, which enhances the detection sensitivity. The 3D LSGMoS2Ag NPs hybrid was subsequently chemically modified and immobilised with an aptamer to interact with Troponin I on an impedimetric sensor. The 3D LSGMoS2Ag NPs hybrid showed high analytical performance, high specificity, and a {\^a}?1/4 4-fold increment in selectivity, with a detection limit of 100 attomolar. This biosensor has a sensitivity of 31.45 {\^A}uA mM{\^a}??1 cm{\^a}??2, stability of 87, with a relative standard deviation for reproducibility of 3.8. {\^A}{\copyright} 2023}
}