eprintid: 18375
rev_number: 2
eprint_status: archive
userid: 1
dir: disk0/00/01/83/75
datestamp: 2024-06-04 14:10:35
lastmod: 2024-06-04 14:10:35
status_changed: 2024-06-04 14:02:59
type: article
metadata_visibility: show
creators_name: Wong, W.-Y.
creators_name: Lim, S.
creators_name: Pang, Y.-L.
creators_name: Shuit, S.-H.
creators_name: Lam, M.-K.
creators_name: Tan, I.-S.
creators_name: Chen, W.-H.
title: A comprehensive review of the production methods and effect of parameters for glycerol-free biodiesel production
ispublished: pub
keywords: Agricultural wastes; Biodiesel; Fatty acids; Feedstocks; Glycerol; Synthetic fuels, Biodiesel production; Effect of parameters; Glycerol-free; Interesterification; Interesterification technology; Non-catalytic; Production methods; Scientific progress; Supercritical; Transesterification reaction, Catalysis
note: cited By 5
abstract: This review appraises the latest scientific progress and the accomplishments of interesterification technology as an alternative to conventional transesterification reaction. The merits and limitations of various types of catalytic techniques as well as non-catalytic supercritical glycerol-free processes have been elucidated with a comprehensive comparison. Contrary to the cheap price of glycerol, the higher-revenue by-products, triacetin and glycerol carbonate, will boost the gross profit margin of biodiesel production. The influences of reaction parameters such as reactant ratio, catalyst loading, reaction time, temperature, and co-solvent addition are also addressed. According to the latest research, the alkali-catalyzed and non-catalytic supercritical interesterifications are preferable due to higher yield. Methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and dimethyl carbonate do not inhibit lipase activity, unlike typical alcohols. Acidic catalysis may be the way forward to resolve the extreme operating conditions of non-catalytic supercritical interesterification, high cost of enzymes and manage waste feedstocks with high free fatty acid and water contents under moderate conditions. Currently, the majority of interesterification reactions were undertaken on laboratory size, whereas just a handful was evaluated on a pilot scale. A continuous research in interesterification technology is necessary by conducting a thorough investigation of the feasibility of state-of-the-art technology to engage a wide array of feedstocks. Future study should also concentrate on microbes and agricultural waste as a sustainable route for energy recovery from renewable feedstocks. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
date: 2023
official_url: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85161023092&doi=10.1016%2fj.rser.2023.113397&partnerID=40&md5=9683f5efdb6113bea2e21b8f3ddd578c
id_number: 10.1016/j.rser.2023.113397
full_text_status: none
publication: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
volume: 182
refereed: TRUE
citation:   Wong, W.-Y. and Lim, S. and Pang, Y.-L. and Shuit, S.-H. and Lam, M.-K. and Tan, I.-S. and Chen, W.-H.  (2023) A comprehensive review of the production methods and effect of parameters for glycerol-free biodiesel production.  Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 182.