%X Shale is an important rock which is capable of generating hydrocarbons as well as trapping it. However, drilling of shale formation using water-based drilling mud causes it to swell due to its peculiar chemical composition i.e., abundance of smectite group which is prone to swelling on contact with water. This swelling results to wellbore instability issues i.e., pipe stucking, lost circulation, caving, tight hole etc. which causes NPT (Non-productive time). Various additives are added in the mud to stabilize the hydration of clay by neutralizing the negatively charged clay. Lately, Ionic liquids have gotten quite popular as shale inhibitors due to their ability to interact with clay using strong electrostatic force of attraction. However, imidazolium-ionic liquids are toxic, generally they are expensive and non-biodegradable. Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) are 4th generation ionic liquids and are regarded to be cheaper and greener replacement of ionic liquids. This research utilizes KCl (conventional shale inhibitor), EMIM-Cl, BMIM-Cl (ionic liquids), Choline Chloride:Urea (DES 1) and Potassium carbonate: Glycerine (DES 2) to compare and investigate their shale swelling inhibition properties. Compressed bentonite wafers have been used to measure the linear expansion of the clay using Linear Swell Meter (LSM) and the results have been assessed after 24 hours. Moreover, various characterizations such as zeta potential, surface tension and d-spacing (XRD) of samples incorporated with inhibitors have been evaluated to rationalize the swelling results. The results depicted that KCl based sample showed minimum inhibition of 17.4 with 3 decline in surface tension while maximum inhibition is showed by DES 2 i.e., 69.84  with 30 decline in surface tension. Between both Ils, BMIM-Cl performed better which is attributed to its longer hydrophobic alkyl chain. Conclusively, DES 2 gave the best performance with highest decline in d-spacing and Zeta potential which can be attributed to its higher total hydrogen bond count. © 2023 Author(s).
%J AIP Conference Proceedings
%L scholars18209
%O cited By 1; Conference of 11th International Conference on Applied Science and Technology 2022, ICAST 2022 ; Conference Date: 13 June 2022 Through 14 June 2022; Conference Code:192835
%N 1
%R 10.1063/5.0164493
%D 2023
%V 2827
%A M.H. Rasool
%A M. Ahmad
%A A. Zamir
%A M.A. Abbas
%T Comparative investigation of deep eutectic solvent (DES) with ionic liquids as shale inhibitors in water based mud