%0 Journal Article
%A Baena, J.C.
%A Wang, C.
%A Kabir, I.I.
%A Khalid, A.
%A Nazir, M.T.
%A Yuen, A.C.Y.
%A Ahmad, F.
%A Yeoh, G.H.
%D 2023
%F scholars:18193
%J Fire Safety Journal
%K Coatings; Cost effectiveness; Fire protection; Fires; Graphite; Resins; Timber, Ammonium polyphosphates; Bushfire attack level; Bushfires; Expandable graphite; Exposed to; Fire behaviour; Intumescent coating; Radiata pine; Timber substrates; Waterborne acrylic resin, Heat flux
%R 10.1016/j.firesaf.2023.103836
%T Fire behaviour of waterborne intumescent coatings on timber substrate for bushfire exposure
%U https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/18193/
%V 140
%X The fire behaviour of radiata pine timber, treated with intumescent coatings and exposed to heat flux conditions equivalent to a high-risk bushfire attack level (BAL) is investigated. The experiment is designed for coated timber exposed to bushfire attack levels greater than 19 kW/m2 and up to 29 kW/m2 (BAL-29) in accordance with AS 3959. The timber was coated with a DFT of 400 μm of the developed intumescent formulations based on expandable graphite (EG), ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and a waterborne acrylic resin with high adhesion strength. The coated timbers were tested according to AS3959, for a BAL-29 rating, using a cone calorimeter at 25 kW/m2 for 10 min. Most of the coated samples reported a substantial reduction in the peak heat release rate (p-HRR) and average HRR with values not greater than 100 kW/m2 and 60 kW/m2, respectively. These results satisfy the requirements for bushfire-resistant timber at BAL-29 rating. Formulation 4 (F4), with EG:APP ratio of 3:1 and resin content of 45 wt was identified as the most cost-effective formulation. Coatings with high loading of EG and APP provided the best fire protection to the timber substrate, however, a larger char with a less compact structure is formed. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
%Z cited By 4