%0 Journal Article
%A Bani-Melhem, K.
%A Elektorowicz, M.
%A Tawalbeh, M.
%A Al Bsoul, A.
%A El Gendy, A.
%A Kamyab, H.
%A Yusuf, M.
%D 2023
%F scholars:18177
%J Chemosphere
%K Aluminum; Ammonia; Bioconversion; Bioreactors; Coagulation; Energy utilization; Membrane fouling; Membranes; Operating costs; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Wastewater treatment, Chemical-oxygen demands; Electro coagulations; Emerging pollutants; Gray water; Household waste; Industry wastes; Low voltages; Submerged membrane bioreactors; Voltage gradient; Waters managements, Chemical oxygen demand, ammonia; anionic surfactant; nitrogen; phosphorus; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; water; water, bioreactor; coagulation; fouling; membrane; PAH; pollutant removal; wastewater treatment, activated sludge; Article; biofouling; chemical oxygen demand; comparative study; controlled study; current density; density gradient; electric potential; electrocoagulation; energy consumption; fecal coliform; flow rate; fluid intake; membrane permeability; municipal wastewater; operation duration; oxygen consumption; shear stress; solids retention time; surface area; surface property; suspended particulate matter; turbidity; waste water management; artificial membrane; chemistry; electrocoagulation; pollutant; procedures; sewage; wastewater; water management, Bioreactors; Electrocoagulation; Environmental Pollutants; Membranes, Artificial; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Wastewater; Water; Water Purification
%R 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139693
%T Integrating of electrocoagulation process with submerged membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment under low voltage gradients
%U https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/18177/
%V 339
%X Treating and reusing wastewater has become an essential aspect of water management worldwide. However, the increase in emerging pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are presented in wastewater from various sources like industry, roads, and household waste, makes their removal difficult due to their low concentration, stability, and ability to combine with other organic substances. Therefore, treating a low load of wastewater is an attractive option. The study aimed to address membrane fouling in the submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) used for wastewater treatment. An aluminum electrocoagulation (EC) device was combined with SMBR as a pre-treatment to reduce fouling. The EC-SMBR process was compared with a conventional SMBR without EC, fed with real grey water. To prevent impeding biological growth, low voltage gradients were utilized in the EC deviceThe comparison was conducted over 60 days with constant transmembrane pressure and infinite solid retention time (SRT). In phase I, when the EC device was operated at a low voltage gradient (0.64 V/cm), no significant improvement in the pollutants removal was observed in terms of color, turbidity, and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Nevertheless, during phase II, a voltage gradient of 1.26 V/cm achieved up to 100, 99.7, 92, 94.1, and 96.5 removals in the EC-SMBR process in comparison with 95.1, 95.4, 85, 91.7 and 74.2 removals in the SMBR process for turbidity, color, COD, ammonia nitrogen (NH3�N), total phosphorus (TP), respectively. SMBR showed better anionic surfactant (AS) removal than EC-SMBR. A voltage gradient of 0.64 V/cm in the EC unit significantly reduced fouling by 23.7, while 1.26 V/cm showed inconsistent results. Accumulation of Al ions negatively affected membrane performance. Low voltage gradients in EC can control SMBR fouling if Al concentration is controlled. Future research should investigate EC-SMBR with constant membrane flux for large-scale applications, considering energy consumption and operating costs. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
%Z cited By 5