eprintid: 17905
rev_number: 2
eprint_status: archive
userid: 1
dir: disk0/00/01/79/05
datestamp: 2023-12-19 03:24:12
lastmod: 2023-12-19 03:24:12
status_changed: 2023-12-19 03:08:53
type: article
metadata_visibility: show
creators_name: Kabir Ahmad, R.
creators_name: Anwar Sulaiman, S.
creators_name: Yusup, S.
creators_name: Sham Dol, S.
creators_name: Inayat, M.
creators_name: Aminu Umar, H.
title: Exploring the potential of coconut shell biomass for charcoal production
ispublished: pub
keywords: Bioconversion; Biomass; Carbonization; Charcoal; Chemical analysis; Coal; Fuels; Heavy metals; Moisture; Morphology; Nanocrystalline materials; Shells (structures); Trace elements, Biomass conversion process; Biomass-derived fuels; Carbonaceous materials; Morphological analysis; Physicochemical characteristics; Surface area analysis; Thermo chemical process; Thermochemical Conversion, Coal industry
note: cited By 44
abstract: Coconut shells are produced in a vast amount around tropical countries that needs to be utilized properly. Thermochemical methods are the main route for converting biomass to charcoal. Percentage of some relative factors in the biomass such as low-density, low caloric value, high ash, SOX, NOX, moisture content, microstructure, and complex elements are its major drawbacks. Nevertheless, no scientific studies were conducted on the carbonization of converting coconut shells to charcoal from local to global scales. Therefore, comprehensive and precise data on its production is limited. To overcome these problems; biomass materials need to be evaluated to assure the suitability of the biomass for the thermochemical process to curtail the yearning of energy demand. For the overall efficiency of the biomass conversion processes into the preference biomass-derived fuel, it is important to understand the physicochemical characteristics of the biomass. The paper aims at understanding the specialties of coconut shell biomass, which is directly used for thermochemical conversion mainly for charcoal production via; chemical structure, energy potential, and morphological analysis. The biomass exhibits a high: density of 412 kg/m3, a calorific value of 19.4 MJ/kg, fixed carbon of 21.8, a volatile matter of 70.8, carbon of 40.1, and low amount moisture of 5.6, and ash of 1.8. EDX and XRF analysis revealed a low amount of complex heavy metals, trace amounts of sulfur, and nitrogen, thus pre-treatment is not required before its utilization, ideal for thermochemical conversion. The coconut shell possesses amorphous and crystalline carbonaceous materials based on the XRD spectrum. The morphology on FESEM images and surface area analysis shows that the coconut shell contains heterogeneous shapes and scales of macro-pores with high surface area and porosity in nature. These essential qualities are suitable for charcoal production, activated carbon, insect repellent, filler, incense sticks, and other applications. Coconut shell possesses remarkable properties such as carbon-rich and environmentally friendly solid fuel to other biomass and coal materials; hence, it is possible to produce alternative energy from coconut shell biomass due to its several characteristics. © 2021 THE AUTHORS
date: 2022
publisher: Ain Shams University
official_url: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107783095&doi=10.1016%2fj.asej.2021.05.013&partnerID=40&md5=13e8087c137176e74e980693daacfcff
id_number: 10.1016/j.asej.2021.05.013
full_text_status: none
publication: Ain Shams Engineering Journal
volume: 13
number: 1
refereed: TRUE
issn: 20904479
citation:   Kabir Ahmad, R. and Anwar Sulaiman, S. and Yusup, S. and Sham Dol, S. and Inayat, M. and Aminu Umar, H.  (2022) Exploring the potential of coconut shell biomass for charcoal production.  Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 13 (1).   ISSN 20904479