%O cited By 10
%X Palm oil methyl ester is blended with diesel oil as a commercial diesel product in Malaysia, known as biodiesel B10. Biodiesel mixed with water proved to reduced simultaneously both the particulate matter and NOx during combustion. Emulsified biodiesel also caused a secondary atomization due to micro-explosion of the fuel droplets, which is beneficial in improving combustion efficiency. The main factors and events leading to micro-explosion for palm oil derived biodiesel emulsified fuel has yet to be made available in the open literature. Hence, this study aimed to visualize the droplet evolution to micro-explosion of single droplet when heated. A single droplet was placed on the hot surface of a hotplate maintained at 500 °C and the droplet evolution time leading to micro-explosion were capture using a high-speed camera. The study found that all samples of the emulsified fuels produced micro-explosions in four distinct stages. The droplet underwent from a homogenous emulsion, turning from milky color to being transparent during the separation stage, volume expansion during the bubble growth stage, intense coalescence and puffing stage and finally micro-explosion stage. Larger water particles size and higher hydrophilic-lipophilic balance values are the main factors that caused shorter time leading to micro-explosion of droplets. © 2021 THE AUTHORS
%K Alternative fuels; Atomization; Combustion; Diesel engines; Drops; Emulsification; Explosions; High speed cameras; Palm oil, Diesel oil; Diesel products; Emulsified fuel; Malaysia; Micro explosion; Palm oil methyl esters; Particulate Matter; Puffing; Secondary atomization; Single droplet, Biodiesel
%L scholars17903
%A S.M. Syed Masharuddin
%A Z.A. Abdul Karim
%A M.A. Meor Said
%A N.H. Amran
%A M.A. Ismael
%D 2022
%N 1
%I Elsevier B.V.
%P 541-547
%V 61
%R 10.1016/j.aej.2021.06.043
%J Alexandria Engineering Journal
%T The evolution of a single droplet water-in-palm oil derived biodiesel emulsion leading to micro-explosion