TY  - JOUR
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85108783773&doi=10.1016%2fj.aej.2021.06.043&partnerID=40&md5=e47b481772b710d275f69b76ce8925b0
N1  - cited By 10
A1  - Syed Masharuddin, S.M.
A1  - Abdul Karim, Z.A.
A1  - Meor Said, M.A.
A1  - Amran, N.H.
A1  - Ismael, M.A.
Y1  - 2022///
VL  - 61
JF  - Alexandria Engineering Journal
EP  - 547
ID  - scholars17903
IS  - 1
KW  - Alternative fuels; Atomization; Combustion; Diesel engines; Drops; Emulsification; Explosions; High speed cameras; Palm oil
KW  -  Diesel oil; Diesel products; Emulsified fuel; Malaysia; Micro explosion; Palm oil methyl esters; Particulate Matter; Puffing; Secondary atomization; Single droplet
KW  -  Biodiesel
TI  - The evolution of a single droplet water-in-palm oil derived biodiesel emulsion leading to micro-explosion
N2  - Palm oil methyl ester is blended with diesel oil as a commercial diesel product in Malaysia, known as biodiesel B10. Biodiesel mixed with water proved to reduced simultaneously both the particulate matter and NOx during combustion. Emulsified biodiesel also caused a secondary atomization due to micro-explosion of the fuel droplets, which is beneficial in improving combustion efficiency. The main factors and events leading to micro-explosion for palm oil derived biodiesel emulsified fuel has yet to be made available in the open literature. Hence, this study aimed to visualize the droplet evolution to micro-explosion of single droplet when heated. A single droplet was placed on the hot surface of a hotplate maintained at 500 °C and the droplet evolution time leading to micro-explosion were capture using a high-speed camera. The study found that all samples of the emulsified fuels produced micro-explosions in four distinct stages. The droplet underwent from a homogenous emulsion, turning from milky color to being transparent during the separation stage, volume expansion during the bubble growth stage, intense coalescence and puffing stage and finally micro-explosion stage. Larger water particles size and higher hydrophilic-lipophilic balance values are the main factors that caused shorter time leading to micro-explosion of droplets. © 2021 THE AUTHORS
SN  - 11100168
AV  - none
SP  - 541
PB  - Elsevier B.V.
ER  -