eprintid: 17901
rev_number: 2
eprint_status: archive
userid: 1
dir: disk0/00/01/79/01
datestamp: 2023-12-19 03:24:12
lastmod: 2023-12-19 03:24:12
status_changed: 2023-12-19 03:08:53
type: article
metadata_visibility: show
creators_name: Nazir, M.H.
creators_name: Ayoub, M.
creators_name: Zahid, I.
creators_name: Shamsuddin, R.B.
creators_name: Zulqarnain, 
creators_name: Ameen, M.
creators_name: Sher, F.
creators_name: Farrukh, S.
title: Waste sugarcane bagasse-derived nanocatalyst for microwave-assisted transesterification: Thermal, kinetic and optimization study
ispublished: pub
keywords: Activation energy; Bagasse; Carbonization; Chemical industry; Costs; Fossil fuels; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Methanol; Microwave heating; Molar ratio; Nanocatalysts; Oils and fats; Petroleum industry; Reusability; Scanning electron microscopy; Sulfonation; Synthetic fuels; Thermogravimetric analysis; Waste utilization, Biodiesel production; Catalyst synthesis; Concentrated sulfuric acids; Heterogeneous acid catalysts; Microwave assisted transesterification; Optimization studies; Reaction temperature; Response surface methodology, Biodiesel
note: cited By 16
abstract: The production of biodiesel has increased globally during the last decade to overcome the problems of increasing prices of petro-diesel and the depletion of fossil fuels. The present study aimed to utilize agro-waste sugarcane bagasse (SCB) to synthesize a heterogeneous acid catalyst for biodiesel production using waste cooking oil. Waste sugarcane bagasse was converted into biochar through partial carbonization and activated via sulfonation by using acid solutions of different concentration i.e., 1M, 3M, 5M and concentrated sulfuric acid at a sulfonation temperature of 180 °C for 5 h. The prepared catalysts were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the Brunauer�Emmett�Teller (BET) technique, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Sulfur (CHNS) analyzer. The prepared catalyst exhibited an excellent surface area of 20.78 m2 g�1 and a total acid density of 3.94 mmol g�1. The biodiesel production process was optimized by varying reaction temperature from (40�70 °C), methanol to oil molar ratio (5:1�20:1), catalyst loading (1�7 wt.) and reaction time (5�25 min) by using a microwave reactor. The maximum conversion of 95.45 and yield of 92.12 was obtained under optimum conditions: catalyst loading 5 wt, methanol-to-oil molar ratio (15:1), temperature (60 °C) after 15 min. The results of the experiments were validated by using response surface methodology, which validated the predicted model. The kinetic study of experiments showed that the use of sulfonated catalysts lowered the activation energy (10.5 kJ mol�1) and reactants attained an equilibrium point after a short interval under microwave heating. Reusability of catalyst up to seven cycles with 77.34 yield of biodiesel using low-grade feedstock showed that the catalyst is stable and can be used for sustainable biodiesel production. The utilization of wastes for catalyst synthesis and for biodiesel production can help to minimize the overall production cost of biodiesel. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
date: 2022
publisher: John Wiley and Sons Ltd
official_url: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85110101130&doi=10.1002%2fbbb.2264&partnerID=40&md5=3892b8a9ce2aa46cdf778667dd9cf831
id_number: 10.1002/bbb.2264
full_text_status: none
publication: Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining
volume: 16
number: 1
pagerange: 122-141
refereed: TRUE
issn: 1932104X
citation:   Nazir, M.H. and Ayoub, M. and Zahid, I. and Shamsuddin, R.B. and Zulqarnain and Ameen, M. and Sher, F. and Farrukh, S.  (2022) Waste sugarcane bagasse-derived nanocatalyst for microwave-assisted transesterification: Thermal, kinetic and optimization study.  Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 16 (1).  pp. 122-141.  ISSN 1932104X