%K Atoms; Deposition; Distribution functions; Ethylene; Molecules; Oil shale; Oleic acid; Palm oil; Paraffins; Petroleum additives; Van der Waals forces, Chemical inhibitors; Chemical wax inhibitor; Cold finger test; Eicosane; Finger tests; Palm oil inhibitor; Pour point depressant; Pour points; Wax deposition; Wax inhibitors, Molecular dynamics
%X Among the flow assurance problems that the petroleum industry faces, the deposition of paraffin waxes on to the wall of the pipeline is the most challenging. The challenge arises when the crude oil temperature decreases below the wax appearance temperature which prompts wax crystallization in the crude oil. An efficient method in remedying paraffin wax deposition is the utilization of chemical inhibitors. However, currently used chemical inhibitors are costly and environmentally harmful if a spillage occurs. Therefore, the use of biodegradable or environmentally friendly inhibitors as potential chemical inhibitors is being studied by various researchers. This study investigated oleic acid, poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) and triethanolamine (TEA) as inhibitors that perform based on the van der Waals intermolecular interaction between the main wax component molecule eicosane C20H42 using molecular dynamics simulations Material Studio 8.0 software package. In order to analyse the desired structural property which is the radial distribution function (RDF), COMPASS force field was used. The RDF and g(r) function portrayed the functional atoms which aid in inhibiting the agglomeration and crystallization of the wax crystal formation. The presence of a carbonyl oxygen in oleic acid plays a vital role to inhibit the wax formation through the van der Waals interaction between active hydrogen atoms in eicosane molecule. Therefore, the chances of wax inhibition in eicosane are higher by introducing oleic acid as an inhibitor as compared to EVA and TEA. The results were then validated experimentally utilizing a cold finger technique under static condition. © 2021, The Author(s).
%O cited By 3
%J Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology
%L scholars17840
%D 2022
%R 10.1007/s13202-021-01318-8
%N 1
%T Inhibiting wax deposition using palm oil additives
%V 12
%I Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
%A T. Ragunathan
%A C.D. Wood
%A H. Husin
%P 99-115