@article{scholars17544,
             doi = {10.15376/biores.17.3.4323-4330},
          number = {3},
          volume = {17},
            note = {cited By 0},
           title = {Anaerobic Biodegradation of Urea Cross-linked Starch: Effect of Lignin on Tensile Properties},
            year = {2022},
           pages = {4323--4330},
         journal = {BioResources},
       publisher = {North Carolina State University},
          author = {Majeed, Z. and Ajab, Z. and Mansor, N. and Alqahtani, Y. S. and Mahnashi, M. H. and Alyami, B. A. and Alqarni, A. O.},
            issn = {19302126},
        abstract = {Lignin was used as a natural filler to improve the recalcitrance of environmentally friendly biocomposites made from starch. The tensile properties of lignin-starch biocomposites prepared by lignin reinforcing of urea cross-linked starch (UcS) were investigated in this study. The amount of lignin loaded into UcS was from 5 to 20. These various compositions were buried in a microcosm of anaerobic soil. After 7 days of burial, biodegraded biocomposites were tested for changes in tensile characteristics. Changes in biodegradation were measured by comparing them to pristine samples, which were utilised as a benchmark for estimating. Through reinforcing polymeric starch in UcS, lignin was discovered to slow down the rate of loss in tensile characteristics of composites. With increasing lignin loadings from 5 to 20, biodegraded biocomposites showed a constant reduction in elongation at break, Young's modulus, and tensile strength. As a result, the biodegraded biocomposites' metrics exhibited a substantially slower decrease than the control biodegraded film. The reduction in tensile properties of biodegraded biocomposites was explained by a significant difference (p {\ensuremath{<}} 0.05) using a paired t-test. This study found that lignin increased the strength of UcS and reduced the loss of tensile characteristics, probably as a result of soil microorganisms' biodegradation activity being inhibited. {\^A}{\copyright} 2022, North Carolina State University. All rights reserved.},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85137600745&doi=10.15376\%2fbiores.17.3.4323-4330&partnerID=40&md5=2caa3484819d5802eddbc182feb1c0e3},
        keywords = {Biodegradation; Crosslinking; Elastic moduli; Metabolism; Soil testing; Soils; Starch; Tensile strength; Urea,  reductions; Anaerobics; Anerobic biodegradation; Anerobic soil; Biocomposite; Cross-linked starch; Kraft lignin; Natural fillers; Tensile characteristics; Tensile, cross-linked starch, Lignin}
}