@inproceedings{scholars1749,
            note = {cited By 6; Conference of 3rd National Postgraduate Conference - Energy and Sustainability: Exploring the Innovative Minds, NPC 2011 ; Conference Date: 19 September 2011 Through 20 September 2011; Conference Code:88531},
             doi = {10.1109/NatPC.2011.6136402},
            year = {2011},
           title = {Characterization of Malaysian domestic sewage sludge for conversion into fuels for energy recovery plants},
         address = {Perak},
         journal = {2011 National Postgraduate Conference - Energy and Sustainability: Exploring the Innovative Minds, NPC 2011},
        keywords = {Ash contents; Characterization procedures; Chemical compositions; Domestic sewage; Domestic wastewater; Effective solution; Empirical equations; Energy content; Energy conversion systems; Energy recovery; Energy recovery plants; Energy source; Environmental issues; Environmental problems; Fixed carbons; Fuel characteristics; Fuel source; Heating Value; Malaysia; Malaysians; Proximate analysis; Reasonable accuracy; Ultimate analysis; Volatile matters, Alternative fuels; Energy conversion; Hydrogen; Sludge disposal; Sulfur; Sustainable development, Sewage sludge},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84857066187&doi=10.1109\%2fNatPC.2011.6136402&partnerID=40&md5=c04ed7b518f89535832ad712e1c85c6d},
        abstract = {Sewage sludge is one of the largest contributors of waste material in Malaysia, and it indirectly elevates local environmental problems. The use of this waste material as an alternative fuel can be an effective solution, as it not only contributes as an energy source but also solves environmental issues related to sewage sludge disposal. To support the development of a fuel source from sewage sludge, a characterization procedure for its energy content and chemical composition becomes very important. The preliminary findings reported in this paper, for Malaysian domestic wastewater sewage sludge, found the following properties through the respective experiments: a) proximate analysis (moisture content 12, volatile matter 48.86, fixed carbon 19.32 and ash content 31.86), ultimate analysis (Carbon 33.01, Hydrogen 4.97, Nitrogen 5.52 and Sulfur 1.18) and bomb calorimeter (heating value 15.7 MJ/kg). An earlier developed empirical equation for predicting the heating value of domestic sewage sludge was validated with the experimental results from the current work and found to be in good agreement. The heating value of Malaysian sewage sludge can therefore be predicted with reasonable accuracy for the design of various energy conversion systems. {\^A}{\copyright} 2011 IEEE.},
          author = {Abbas, A. H. and Ibrahim, A. B. A. and Nor, M. F. M. and Aris, M. S.},
            isbn = {9781457718847}
}