@article{scholars17126,
             doi = {10.1016/j.solener.2022.01.043},
          volume = {233},
            note = {cited By 10},
           title = {Energy management strategy of hybrid solar-hydro system with various probabilities of power supply loss},
            year = {2022},
           pages = {230--245},
       publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
         journal = {Solar Energy},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85123373319&doi=10.1016\%2fj.solener.2022.01.043&partnerID=40&md5=ccdd86f9a0daa744606ad7727724c187},
        keywords = {Electric batteries; Energy efficiency; Energy management; Energy management systems; Particle swarm optimization (PSO); Renewable energy resources, Cost of energies; Hybrid hydro solar; Hydro storage systems; Integrated solar PV; Levelized cost of energy; Levelized costs; Power supply loss; Probability of power supply loss; Rural electrification; Solar PVs, Probability, alternative energy; energy management; optimization; probability; solar power},
        abstract = {An optimal energy management strategy is difficult for an efficient operation of hybrid renewable energy systems due to the instability of energy resources. The present study analyzes a hybrid PV-battery integrated with the pump-hydro-storage system (PHSS) utilizing the rainfall potential at various probabilities of power supply loss (PPSL). Two configurations have been studied. Configuration-1 is a PV-battery system, and Configuration-2 is a hybrid PV-battery-PHSS. PPSL are varied between 0.00 and 0.10 in steps of 0.02. The particle swarm optimization technique is used for size optimization based on the Levelized Cost of energy minimization. Configuration-1 and Configuration-2 at PPSL of 0.00 are highly oversized. Configuration-2, compared to Configuration-1, has less excess power due to the integration of PHSS. A decrease in the power supply reliability by just 2 has caused the decrease in the Levelized Cost of energy by about 31.3 for Configuration-1 and 28.8 for Configuration-2. The power system efficiency for Configuration-1 at PPSL of 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10 is 34, 71, 77, 79, 80, and 80, respectively. However, for the Configuration-2, the power system efficiency compared to Configuration-1 at PPSL of 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10 has increased by about 11.8, 2.8, 0.0, 1.3, 1.3, and 1.3, respectively. {\^A}{\copyright} 2022 International Solar Energy Society},
          author = {Bhayo, B. A. and Al-Kayiem, H. H. and Gilani, S. I. U. and Khan, N. and Kumar, D.},
            issn = {0038092X}
}