@article{scholars17122,
             doi = {10.3390/su14031572},
           title = {Developing a New Bursting Liability Index Based on Energy Evolution for Coal under Different Loading Rates},
            note = {cited By 16},
            year = {2022},
         journal = {Sustainability (Switzerland)},
          number = {3},
          volume = {14},
       publisher = {MDPI},
            issn = {20711050},
          author = {Khan, N. M. and Ahmad, M. and Cao, K. and Ali, I. and Liu, W. and Rehman, H. and Hussain, S. and Ur Rehman, F. and Ahmed, T.},
        keywords = {coal; coal mining; elastic modulus; energy efficiency; excavation; index method; liability; loading; mining; rockburst},
        abstract = {The risk of a coal burst rises with the excavation depth and other mining-related activities. These devastating coal burst activities are a major concern during deep coal mining. During such activities, the loading rate is a major cause of damage. Different indexes, including the elastic strain modulus index (Wet), bursting energy index (Ke), dynamic failure time index (DT), and compressive strength index (Rc), are used for coal bursting intensity; however, the loading rate and damage factors are not included in these indexes. In this study, a new coal bursting liability index called the elastic modulus damage index (EMDI) was developed using rock damage variables and the elastic strain modulus index, and is based on energy evolution characteristics under different loading rates. The results of this new index were compared with the existing indexes, and their range was proposed to evaluate coal bursting liability. The EDMI shows a positive polynomial second order degree relationship with Wet and Ke, having a determination factor of 0.99, while DT shows a negative polynomial second order degree relationship with a determination factor of 0.94. The EDMI and Rc show a positive power relationship having a determination factor of 0.99. The relationships with other indexes revealed that the EDMI can be effectively used in evaluating the coal bursting liabilities in different stress environments. {\^A}{\copyright} 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85123533514&doi=10.3390\%2fsu14031572&partnerID=40&md5=b204b3707f05f5c8c7c4abc731fa2bd9}
}