@article{scholars17077,
             doi = {10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.115014},
          volume = {282},
           title = {Stochastic lightning damage prediction of carbon/epoxy composites with material uncertainties},
            note = {cited By 15},
       publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
            year = {2022},
         journal = {Composite Structures},
          author = {Shah, S. Z. H. and Lee, J.},
        keywords = {Carbon; Electric conductivity; Forecasting; Laminated composites; Lightning; Stochastic models, Carbon-epoxy composite; Carbon-epoxy laminates; Damage modelling; Damage prediction; Electrical conductivity; Lightning damage prediction; Random properties; Random property generation; Stochastics; Thermal damage, Stochastic systems},
        abstract = {This study presents a novel stochastic modeling framework predicting lightning thermal damage in carbon/epoxy composites. The stochastic lightning damage model (SLDM) was developed with random distributions of composite's electrical conductivity and void. The Box-Muller transformation was applied to generate random in-plane and through-thickness electrical conductivities with Gaussian distributions. The SLDM suggested that the predicted lightning thermal damage to carbon/epoxy composites increased slightly with the use of stochastic electrical conductivity, but the presence of voids did not significantly affect the damage development. The predicted size and shape of lightning thermal damage agreed fairly well with experimental results. In addition, the proposed SLDM was first capable of predicting asymmetric lightning damage to carbon/epoxy composites, which was not demonstrated by conventional (deterministic) lightning damage models. {\^A}{\copyright} 2021 Elsevier Ltd},
            issn = {02638223},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85120349348&doi=10.1016\%2fj.compstruct.2021.115014&partnerID=40&md5=5dbabb46aece23c9af682f76c1a71b3e}
}