relation: https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/17024/
title: Optimization and Kinetic Studies on Biodiesel Conversion from Chlorella vulgaris Microalgae Using Pyrrolidinium-Based Ionic Liquids as a Catalyst
creator: Hasanudin, N.
creator: Abd Ghani, N.
creator: Ab Rahim, A.H.
creator: Azman, N.S.
creator: Rosdi, N.A.
creator: Masri, A.N.
description: This study describes the potential conversion of dried microalgae. Chlorella vulgaris (C. vul-garis) into fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) using the direct transesterification (DT) method and using ionic liquids (ILs) as a catalyst. In this work, the performance of monocationic IL, namely 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide (IL 1), and dicationic IL, namely 1,4-bis(1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl) butane dibromide (IL 2), as catalysts was compared for DT of C. vulgaris under microwave irradiation. The results revealed that IL 2 showed a better performance in catalyzing the DT reaction by producing 87.9 mg/g of FAME, while the use of IL 1 led to 74.3 mg/g of FAME under optimum conditions. The kinetic study for direct transesterification of C. vulgaris showed that the reaction followed a first order kinetic reaction where the activation energies were calculated to be 22.2499 kJ mol�1 and 22.0413 kJ mol�1 for IL 1 and IL 2, respectively. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
publisher: MDPI
date: 2022
type: Article
type: PeerReviewed
identifier:   Hasanudin, N. and Abd Ghani, N. and Ab Rahim, A.H. and Azman, N.S. and Rosdi, N.A. and Masri, A.N.  (2022) Optimization and Kinetic Studies on Biodiesel Conversion from Chlorella vulgaris Microalgae Using Pyrrolidinium-Based Ionic Liquids as a Catalyst.  Catalysts, 12 (3).   ISSN 20734344     
relation: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85125399038&doi=10.3390%2fcatal12030277&partnerID=40&md5=3c312c094816e0810e103de51975088c
relation: 10.3390/catal12030277
identifier: 10.3390/catal12030277