@article{scholars16996,
         journal = {Energies},
       publisher = {MDPI},
            year = {2022},
           title = {BiLSTM Network{\^a}??Based Approach for Solar Irradiance Forecasting in Continental Climate Zones},
             doi = {10.3390/en15062226},
          number = {6},
            note = {cited By 6},
          volume = {15},
          author = {Bourabee, M. A. and Naz, M. Y. and Albalaa, I. E. D. and Sulaiman, S. A.},
            issn = {19961073},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85127093704&doi=10.3390\%2fen15062226&partnerID=40&md5=6a147a87876576ce1949de600429c4b7},
        keywords = {Climate models; Deep learning; Forecasting; Solar radiation, Attention{\^a}??based bidirectional long short{\^a}??term memory; Cloudy days; Co-evolutionary; Coevolutionary neural network; Continental climate; Neural-networks; Solar irradiances; Solar radiation predictions; Sunny days; Wavelets decomposition, Wavelet decomposition},
        abstract = {Recent research on solar irradiance forecasting has attracted considerable attention, as governments worldwide are displaying a keenness to harness green energy. The goal of this study is to build forecasting methods using deep learning (DL) approach to estimate daily solar irradiance in three sites in Kuwait over 12 years (2008{\^a}??2020). Solar irradiance data are used to extract and understand the symmetrical hidden data pattern and correlations, which are then used to predict future solar irradiance. A DL model based on the attention mechanism applied to bidirectional long short{\^a}??term memory (BiLSTM) is developed for accurate solar irradiation forecasting. The proposed model is designed for two different conditions (sunny and cloudy days) to ensure greater accuracy in different weather scenarios. Simulation results are presented which depict that the attention based BiLSTM model outperforms the other deep learning networks in the prediction analysis of solar irradiance. The attention based BiLSTM model was able to predict variations in solar irradi-ance over short intervals in continental climate zones (Kuwait) more efficiently with an RMSE of 4.24 and 20.95 for sunny and cloudy days, respectively. {\^A}{\copyright} 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.}
}