eprintid: 16839
rev_number: 2
eprint_status: archive
userid: 1
dir: disk0/00/01/68/39
datestamp: 2023-12-19 03:23:20
lastmod: 2023-12-19 03:23:20
status_changed: 2023-12-19 03:06:59
type: conference_item
metadata_visibility: show
creators_name: Salleh, N.F.
creators_name: Hermana, M.
creators_name: Basit, A.S.A.
title: Discriminating seismic amplitude pitfall by low saturation gas using controlled-source electromagnetic technology
ispublished: pub
note: cited By 0; Conference of 2nd International Conference on Earth Resources 2020, ICER 2020 ; Conference Date: 13 July 2021 Through 15 July 2021; Conference Code:178997
abstract: One of false positives in seismic amplitude associates with the presence of low saturation gas. The amplitude response is ambiguous prominently in shallow subsurface due to similar amplitude of fizz gas to highly saturated gas reservoir. This pitfall is demonstrated in Gassmann's fluid substitution modelling which drastic velocity reduction is modeled by 5 of gas. The strong reduction induces anomalous bright spot in seismic similarly manifested by a highly gas reservoir. In pore fluid characterization, seismic amplitude of a brine reservoir is well distinguished from gas by change of response polarity from negative to positive amplitude due to higher brine modulus than gas. To a lesser extent, the negative amplitude of gas sand almost identical between commercial and non-commercial gas trap and difficult to distinguish in seismic. The similar negative amplitude of the gas cases caused by a very low gas modulus resulting to sudden drop of rock bulk modulus despite with the presence of low gas percentage. Thus, seismic velocity slows down when travels through a gas sand medium. Integration of controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) method in hydrocarbon prediction reduces exploration risk by only detecting commercial hydrocarbon. It exploits resistivity contrast between overburden and hydrocarbon reservoir which highly controlled by hydrocarbon saturation. CSEM normalized response exceeds the cut off response by a minimum saturation of 70 of gas. Less than 70 of gas, CSEM response is below the cut off response which considered as insignificant anomaly in CSEM measurement. It becomes a key strength as this method reduces amplitude uncertainty in seismic due to low saturation gas and potentially improves the chances of economic discovery in hydrocarbon exploration. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
date: 2022
publisher: Institute of Physics
official_url: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85129842388&doi=10.1088%2f1755-1315%2f1003%2f1%2f012003&partnerID=40&md5=8eae1c4e1c3cbd0f9c77bcd4d5f57f89
id_number: 10.1088/1755-1315/1003/1/012003
full_text_status: none
publication: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
volume: 1003
number: 1
refereed: TRUE
issn: 17551307
citation:   Salleh, N.F. and Hermana, M. and Basit, A.S.A.  (2022) Discriminating seismic amplitude pitfall by low saturation gas using controlled-source electromagnetic technology.  In: UNSPECIFIED.