@inproceedings{scholars16836,
             doi = {10.1088/1755-1315/1003/1/012046},
          volume = {1003},
            note = {cited By 2; Conference of 2nd International Conference on Earth Resources 2020, ICER 2020 ; Conference Date: 13 July 2021 Through 15 July 2021; Conference Code:178997},
          number = {1},
           title = {Surface analysis of liquid adsorption onto shale},
            year = {2022},
       publisher = {Institute of Physics},
         journal = {IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science},
        abstract = {Shale rocks are one of the world's most important unconventional gas resources today, thanks to technical advancements. Fluid adsorption in tight rocks like shale is critical for designing fracturing and treatment fluids. However, adsorption of fluids in shale is not fully understood, and quantifying it remains difficult. In addition, the complicated pore structure of shale rocks makes characterisation challenging. Wettability can be used to understand the affinity of a solid surface to adhere certain fluid. Shales present several basic problems when employing standard techniques because of their small grain size, low permeability, and reactive components. We assessed and compare the wettability of shale using contact angle and spontaneous imbibition methods in two shale samples. The findings showed no correlation between contact angle and imbibition curves. Such behaviour is due heterogeneity of shale surface. Contact angle produces local wetting characteristics, but shale sample is rather complex and contact angle is therefore not representative. Imbibition results might be more reliable since fluids contacts with the whole sample. {\^A}{\copyright} Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85129851431&doi=10.1088\%2f1755-1315\%2f1003\%2f1\%2f012046&partnerID=40&md5=344eda6892615a6e97226c18f5cf7df2},
          author = {Abdulelah, H. and Negash, B. M. and Babatunde, K. A. and Alzanam, A. A. A. and Hakimi, M. H. and Padmanabhan, E.},
            issn = {17551307}
}