TY  - JOUR
IS  - 10
A1  - Hassan, A.M.
A1  - Al-Shalabi, E.W.
A1  - Ayoub, M.A.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130590798&doi=10.3390%2fpolym14102001&partnerID=40&md5=9df32a80d9f6c19451af6ec26ce0ad5e
AV  - none
N1  - cited By 18
Y1  - 2022///
SN  - 20734360
PB  - MDPI
ID  - scholars16765
N2  - The aging of the existing reservoirs makes the hydrocarbon extraction shift toward newer re-serves, and harsh conditioned carbonates, which possess high temperature and high salinity (HTHS). Conventional polymer-flooding fails in these HTHS carbonates, due to precipitation, viscosity loss, and polymer adsorption. Therefore, to counteract these challenges, novel polymer-based cEOR alter-natives employ optimized polymers, polymerâ??surfactant, and alkaliâ??surfactantâ??polymer solutions along with hybrid methods, which have shown a potential to target the residual or remaining oils in carbonates. Consequently, we investigate novel polymers, viz., ATBS, Scleroglucan, NVP-based polymers, and hydrophobic associative polymers, along with bio-polymers. These selected polymers have shown low shear sensitivity, low adsorption, and robust thermal/salinity tolerance. Addition-ally, adding an alkali-surfactant to polymer solution produces a synergy effect of improved mobility control, wettability alteration, and interfacial-tension reduction. Thus, enhancing the displacement and sweep efficiencies. Moreover, low-salinity water can precondition high-salinity reservoirs before polymer flooding (hybrid method), to decrease polymer adsorption and viscosity loss. Thus, this paper is a reference for novel polymers, and their hybrid techniques, to improve polymer-based cEOR field applications under HTHS conditions in carbonates. Additionally, the recommendations can assist in project designs with reasonable costs and minimal environmental impact. The implication of this work will aid in supplementing the oil and gas energy sector growth, making a positive contribution to the Middle Eastern economy. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
TI  - Updated Perceptions on Polymer-Based Enhanced Oil Recovery Toward High-Temperature High-Salinity Tolerance for Successful Field Applications in Carbonate Reservoirs
JF  - Polymers
VL  - 14
KW  - Adsorption; Carbonates; Environmental impact; Floods; High temperature applications; Oil well flooding; Petroleum reservoirs; Reservoirs (water); Surface active agents; Viscosity
KW  -  Carbonate reservoir; Enhanced oil recovery; Enhanced-oil recoveries; Field application; High salinity; High temperature high salinity; Highest temperature; Novel polymers; Polymer based; Polymer flooding
KW  -  Enhanced recovery
ER  -