TY  - JOUR
VL  - 20
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85122666706&doi=10.1007%2fs10311-021-01359-9&partnerID=40&md5=c0867c7b9cf0654e5a8957773fd50f40
A1  - Ul Haq, I.
A1  - Qasim, A.
A1  - Lal, B.
A1  - Zaini, D.B.
A1  - Foo, K.S.
A1  - Mubashir, M.
A1  - Khoo, K.S.
A1  - Vo, D.-V.N.
A1  - Leroy, E.
A1  - Show, P.L.
JF  - Environmental Chemistry Letters
Y1  - 2022///
ID  - scholars16721
IS  - 3
N2  - The formation of gas hydrates is a major issue during the operation of oil and gas pipelines, because gas hydrates cause plugging, thereby disrupting the normal oil and gas flows. A solution is to inject gas hydrate inhibitors such as ionic liquids. Contrary to classical inhibitors, ionic liquids act both as thermodynamic inhibitors and hydrate inhibitors, and as anti-agglomerates. Imidazolium-based ionic liquids have been found efficient for the inhibition of CO2 and CH4 hydrates. For CO2 gas hydrates, N-ethyl-N-methylmorpholinium bromide showed an average depression temperature of 1.72 K at 10 wt concentration. The induction time of 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide is 36.3 h for CO2 hydrates at 1 wt concentration. For CH4 hydrates, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride showed average depression temperature of 4.80 K at 40 wt. For mixed gas hydrates of CO2 and CH4, only quaternary ammonium salts have been studied. Tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide shifted the hydrate liquid vapour equilibrium to 1.56 K at 10 wt, while tetrabutylammonium hydroxide showed an induction time of 0.74 h at 1 wt concentration. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
EP  - 2188
SN  - 16103653
PB  - Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
TI  - Ionic liquids for the inhibition of gas hydrates. A review
SP  - 2165
N1  - cited By 17
AV  - none
ER  -