@article{scholars16721,
           pages = {2165--2188},
         journal = {Environmental Chemistry Letters},
       publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},
            year = {2022},
           title = {Ionic liquids for the inhibition of gas hydrates. A review},
             doi = {10.1007/s10311-021-01359-9},
          number = {3},
            note = {cited By 17},
          volume = {20},
        abstract = {The formation of gas hydrates is a major issue during the operation of oil and gas pipelines, because gas hydrates cause plugging, thereby disrupting the normal oil and gas flows. A solution is to inject gas hydrate inhibitors such as ionic liquids. Contrary to classical inhibitors, ionic liquids act both as thermodynamic inhibitors and hydrate inhibitors, and as anti-agglomerates. Imidazolium-based ionic liquids have been found efficient for the inhibition of CO2 and CH4 hydrates. For CO2 gas hydrates, N-ethyl-N-methylmorpholinium bromide showed an average depression temperature of 1.72{\^A} K at 10{\^A} wt concentration. The induction time of 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide is 36.3{\^A} h for CO2 hydrates at 1{\^A} wt concentration. For CH4 hydrates, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride showed average depression temperature of 4.80{\^A} K at 40{\^A} wt. For mixed gas hydrates of CO2 and CH4, only quaternary ammonium salts have been studied. Tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide shifted the hydrate liquid vapour equilibrium to 1.56{\^A} K at 10{\^A} wt, while tetrabutylammonium hydroxide showed an induction time of 0.74{\^A} h at 1{\^A} wt concentration. {\^A}{\copyright} 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85122666706&doi=10.1007\%2fs10311-021-01359-9&partnerID=40&md5=c0867c7b9cf0654e5a8957773fd50f40},
            issn = {16103653},
          author = {Ul Haq, I. and Qasim, A. and Lal, B. and Zaini, D. B. and Foo, K. S. and Mubashir, M. and Khoo, K. S. and Vo, D.-V. N. and Leroy, E. and Show, P. L.}
}