%0 Journal Article
%@ 20734360
%A Sait, H.H.
%A Hussain, A.
%A Bassyouni, M.
%A Ali, I.
%A Kanthasamy, R.
%A Ayodele, B.V.
%A Elhenawy, Y.
%D 2022
%F scholars:16660
%I MDPI
%J Polymers
%K Activated carbon; Aquatic ecosystems; Chemical activation; Chlorine compounds; Dyes; Efficiency; Electric discharges; Isotherms; Particle size; Particle size analysis; Pore structure; Surface roughness; Textiles; Zeta potential, Anionic dye; Date palm; Direct dye removal; Direct dyes; Dye removal; Isothermal models; Microbeads; Pores structure; Removal efficiencies; Textile wastewater, Adsorption
%N 12
%R 10.3390/polym14122503
%T Anionic Dye Removal Using a Date Palm Seed-Derived Activated Carbon/Chitosan Polymer Microbead Biocomposite
%U https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/16660/
%V 14
%X The discharge of textile wastewater into aquatic streams is considered a major challenge due to its effect on the water ecosystem. Direct blue 78 (DB78) dye has a complex structure. Therefore, it is difficult to separate it from industrial wastewater. In this study, carbon obtained from the pyrolysis of mixed palm seeds under different temperatures (400� C and 1000� C) was activated by a thermochemical method by using microwave radiation and an HCl solution in order to improve its adsorption characteristics. The generated activated carbon was used to synthesize a novel activated carbon/chitosan microbead (ACMB) for dye removal from textile wastewater. The obtained activated carbon (AC) was characterized by a physicochemical analysis that included, namely, particle size, zeta potential, SEM, EDX, and FTIR analyses. A series of batch experiments were conducted in terms of the ACMB dose, contact time, pH, and activated carbon/chitosan ratios in synthetic microbeads for enhancing the adsorption capacity. A remarkable improvement in the surface roughness was observed using SEM analysis. The particle surface was transformed from a slick surface with a minor-pore structure to a rough surface with major-pore structure. The zeta potential analysis indicated a higher improvement in the carbon surface charge, from �35 mv (before activation) to +20 mv (after activation). The adsorption tests showed that the dye-removal efficiency increased with the increasing adsorbent concentration. The maximum removal efficiencies were 97.8 and 98.4 using 3 and 4 g/L of AC400� C MB-0.3:1 and AC1000� C MB-0.3:1, respectively, with initial dye concentrations of 40 mg/L under acidic conditions (pH = 4�5), and an optimal mixing time of 50 min. The equilibrium studies for AC400� C MB-0.3:1 and AC1000� C MB-0.3:1 showed that the equilibrium data best fitted to the Langmuir isothermal model with R2 = 0.99. These results reveal that activated carbon/chitosan microbeads are an effective adsorbent for the removal of direct blue 78 dye and provide a new platform for dye removal. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
%Z cited By 8