TY  - JOUR
EP  - 51040
SN  - 09441344
PB  - Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
N1  - cited By 3
SP  - 51030
TI  - A critical review on the development of wax inhibiting agent in facilitating remediation process of contaminated groundwater
AV  - none
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85116470942&doi=10.1007%2fs11356-021-16791-1&partnerID=40&md5=deac5099fee7ee22673f3c909e23dc79
A1  - Alpandi, A.H.
A1  - Husin, H.
A1  - Sidek, A.
JF  - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
VL  - 29
Y1  - 2022///
N2  - Transportation of crude oil and refined petroleum is the main function of pipeline system in petroleum industry. Unfortunately, wax precipitation has become a serious problem for the petroleum industry where it causes pipeline blockage and eventually results in operational catastrophe. Up-to-date, the technique used to mitigate wax deposition by injecting chemical wax inhibiting agent remains a debate amongst researchers. This review addresses the evolution of chemical wax inhibitor generations started from polymer-based in the early 1980s, followed by biosurfactant-based in the late 1990s and finally plant-based or agricultural-based in recent years. Pivoting to environmental impact, petroleum industry is amidst finding a green wax inhibiting agent to solve wax deposition problem that occurs during the transportation of crude oil whilst facilitating the remediation process of contaminated groundwater. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
IS  - 34
KW  - crude oil; fatty acid; groundwater pollution; inhibition; inhibitor; literature review; polymer; remediation; surfactant; wax
KW  -  ground water; petroleum
KW  -  bioremediation; oil industry
KW  -  Biodegradation
KW  -  Environmental; Groundwater; Oil and Gas Industry; Petroleum
ID  - scholars16634
ER  -