relation: https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/16285/ title: The state-of-the-art development of photocatalysts for the degradation of persistent herbicides in wastewater creator: Hazaraimi, M.H. creator: Goh, P.S. creator: Lau, W.J. creator: Ismail, A.F. creator: Wu, Z. creator: Subramaniam, M.N. creator: Lim, J.W. creator: Kanakaraju, D. description: Herbicides are one of the most recurring pollutants in the aquatic system due to their widespread usage in the agriculture sector for weed control. Semiconductor-based photocatalysts have gained recognition due to their ability to degrade and mineralize pollutants into harmless by-products completely. Lately, many studies have been done to design photocatalysts with efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers and enhanced light absorption. Photocatalyst engineering through doping with metal and non-metal elements and the formation of heterojunction are proven effective for minimizing the recombination of electron-hole pairs and enlarging the absorption in the visible light region. This review focuses on discussing and evaluating the recent progress in the types of photocatalysts and their performance in the remediation of herbicides in wastewater. The development of innovative hybrid technologies is also highlighted. The limitations and challenges of photocatalysis technology in the present literature have been identified, and future studies are recommended. © 2022 Elsevier B.V. publisher: Elsevier B.V. date: 2022 type: Article type: PeerReviewed identifier: Hazaraimi, M.H. and Goh, P.S. and Lau, W.J. and Ismail, A.F. and Wu, Z. and Subramaniam, M.N. and Lim, J.W. and Kanakaraju, D. (2022) The state-of-the-art development of photocatalysts for the degradation of persistent herbicides in wastewater. Science of the Total Environment, 843. ISSN 00489697 relation: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85133271819&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2022.156975&partnerID=40&md5=e234513b9d1f556b3a8f8081cf2b7bdd relation: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156975 identifier: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156975