TY  - JOUR
ID  - scholars16191
SN  - 00489697
TI  - Sulfur enriched slow-release coated urea produced from inverse vulcanized copolymer
Y1  - 2022///
A1  - Ghumman, A.S.M.
A1  - Shamsuddin, R.
A1  - Nasef, M.M.
A1  - Yahya, W.Z.N.
A1  - Abbasi, A.
A1  - Almohamadi, H.
KW  - Biodegradability; Crystallinity; Efficiency; Hydrophobicity; Inverse problems; Metabolism; Nutrients; Oils and fats; Oxidation; Plastic coatings; Rubber; Scanning electron microscopy; Soil pollution; Soil testing; Soils; Thickness measurement; Urea
KW  -  Coating thickness; Controlled-release fertilizers; Inverse vulcanization; Nitrogen-use efficiency; Rubber seed oil; Slow release; Soil health; Sulfur oxidation; Sulphur based polymer; Vulcanisation
KW  -  Sulfur
KW  -  copolymer; fertilizer; sulfur; urea; vegetable oil; fertilizer; nitrogen; polymer; sulfur; water
KW  -  fertilizer; nitrogen; oxidation; polymer; soil pollution; sulfur; urea
KW  -  Article; chemical structure; oxidation; scanning electron microscopy; soil pollution; synthesis; chemistry; soil
KW  -  Fertilizers; Nitrogen; Polymers; Soil; Sulfur; Urea; Water
N1  - cited By 14
N2  - Slow-release fertilizers are developed to enhance the nutrient use efficiency (NUE), by coating urea with less water soluble or hydrophobic material. Diverse range of materials have been utilized to coat urea, however, their inherit non-biodegradability, hydrophilicity, crystallinity, and high synthesis cost limits their scalability. Herein, we reported the preparation of a novel slow-release sulfur enriched urea fertilizers using sustainable hydrophobic, biodegradable, crosslinked copolymer made from sulfur and rubber seed oil (Poly(S-RSO)) through the use of dip coating method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to study the fertilizers morphology and estimate the coating film thickness. A nitrogen release test was carried out in distilled water, which revealed that the coated fertilizers with a coating thickness of 165 μm, 254 μm and 264 μm released only 65  of its total nutrient content after 2, 19 and 43 days of incubation, respectively: hence, showing an excellent slow-release property. In soil, fertilizer with 264 μm coating thickness released only 17  nitrogen after 20 days of incubation, in line with the European standard (EN 13266, 2001). The release kinetic data best fits the Ritger-Peppas model with a R2 value of 0.99 and the n value of 0.65 indicated the release was mainly due to diffusion. Submerged cultivation (SmC) demonstrated the potential of poly(S-RSO) to enhance sulfur oxidation; it was observed that the copolymer oxidation was 50  greater than that of elemental sulfur. A comparison between the newly developed fertilizers and existing coated fertilizers was also presented. On the whole, the results demonstrated outstanding slow-release characteristics and improved sulfur oxidation. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
PB  - Elsevier B.V.
JF  - Science of the Total Environment
VL  - 846
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85134595009&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2022.157417&partnerID=40&md5=61aa05694817bc74f3b49d43e54d9d3c
AV  - none
ER  -