@article{scholars16161,
           title = {Enhancement of organic solar cell efficiency by altering the zinc oxide photoanode nanostructure morphology},
             doi = {10.1007/s40097-021-00453-2},
          number = {6},
          volume = {12},
            note = {cited By 4},
           pages = {1119--1130},
         journal = {Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry},
       publisher = {Springer Medizin},
            year = {2022},
            issn = {20089244},
          author = {Samavati, Z. and Samavati, A. and Ismail, A. F. and Borhani, T. N. and Velashjerdi, M. and Eisaabadi, B. G. and Rostami, A. and Othman, M. H. D. and Awang, A.},
        abstract = {The current paper examines the effects of zinc oxide nanostructure configurations, as photo-anode formations of organic solar cells, on the performance of power conversion. To this end, some experiments were conducted during which a near band edge emission red shift of {\texttt{\char126}} 0.11{\^A} eV from nanoparticles to vertically oriented nano-rods was observed. This bandgap narrowing promotes transferring of photo-excited electrons towards the conduction band of photo-anode. A {\texttt{\char126}} 48 decrease in the deep level emission intensity revealed a smaller non-radiative waves emission due to lower level of crystal disorder. Using vertically oriented zinc oxide nanorods as photo-anodes, the photovoltaic efficiency of the organic solar cell improved considerably. The nano-rod-structured photo-anodes showed a 0.22{\^A} V rise in the open-circuit voltage, from 0.76 to 0.98{\^A} V, and a 2.08 times increment in the overall conversion performance, compared to the zinc oxide nanoparticle-structured photo-anodes. This superior performance is attributed to a greater chance of charge recombination and light-trapping in the cells, more efficient light absorption, and high level of crystallinity that grants easier electron mobility for vertically oriented zinc oxide nanorods. Moreover, a lower charge-transfer resistance (0.85 {\^I}{\copyright}) was achieved due to better electro-catalytic action for oxygen reduction for vertical nanorods compared to the other two zinc oxide configurations (1.62 {\^I}{\copyright} and 4.06 {\^I}{\copyright}). This boosted the cell performance by increasing the short-circuit current density (JSC). The fabricated solar cell may contribute to sustainable and environmentally friendly electricity generation process through reducing the consumption of non-renewable energy sources. {\^A}{\copyright} 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Islamic Azad University.},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85127489479&doi=10.1007\%2fs40097-021-00453-2&partnerID=40&md5=b8a918c336a579457b5358af071d4592}
}