@article{scholars16154,
       publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},
          volume = {29},
            note = {cited By 2},
            year = {2022},
          number = {56},
         journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research},
             doi = {10.1007/s11356-022-21635-7},
           pages = {84814--84826},
           title = {Assessing the sustainability and cost-effectiveness of concrete incorporating various fineness of eggshell powder as supplementary cementitious material},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85133425748&doi=10.1007\%2fs11356-022-21635-7&partnerID=40&md5=8c2d7a4f9386729f00172331f555744c},
            issn = {09441344},
          author = {Jhatial, A. A. and Kumar, A. and Bheel, N. and Sohu, S. and Goh, W. I.},
        keywords = {cementation; concrete; cost-benefit analysis; inclusion; replacement; sustainability, animal; building material; compressive strength; cost benefit analysis; egg shell; powder, Animals; Compressive Strength; Construction Materials; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Egg Shell; Powders},
        abstract = {The eggshell powder (ESP) has been used as a partial cement replacement to reduce the cement content in concrete production. According to recent estimates, cement production contributes to 7 of global Carbon Dioxide (CO2) gas emissions. However, most of the studies so far have focused on the mechanical strength aspect of the concrete incorporating ESP; however, there is a lack of information on the influence of ESP on the sustainability of concrete in terms of embodied carbon and eco-strength efficiency. Therefore, this study aims at determining the influence of ESP on the sustainability and cost of an M40 grade concrete when different fineness ESP (50{\^A} {\^A}um and 100{\^A} {\^A}um) is utilized as partial cement replacement. The sustainability was assessed in terms of embodied carbon and eco-strength efficiency, while the cost-effectiveness was determined in terms of the overall cost of concrete and cost to produce unit compressive strength. It was observed that the control M40 concrete mix achieved a total embodied carbon of 482.88 kgCO2/m3. With 5 to 15 ESP of 100{\^A} {\^A}um fineness, the total embodied carbon was successfully reduced, ranging from 3.86 to 11.60. While 5 to 15 of 50{\^A} {\^A}um fineness, the reduction ranged from 3.69 to 11.10. The 50{\^A} {\^A}um fineness ESP exhibited slightly lower eco-strength efficiency compared to 100{\^A} {\^A}um fineness ESP; however, both achieved relatively higher eco-strength efficiency. In terms of cost, the inclusion of ESP resulted in a significant reduction in overall cost and was cheaper to produce 1{\^A} MPa compressive strength. {\^A}{\copyright} 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.}
}