@article{scholars15924,
           title = {Numerical simulation to assess floating instability of small passenger vehicle under sub-critical flow},
          volume = {132},
            note = {cited By 8; Conference of 6th International Conference on Civil, Offshore and Environmental Engineering, ICCOEE 2020 ; Conference Date: 13 July 2021 Through 15 July 2021; Conference Code:253689},
             doi = {10.1007/978-981-33-6311-3{$_3$}{$_0$}},
         journal = {Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering},
       publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},
           pages = {258--265},
            year = {2021},
        abstract = {Parked vehicles can be directly affected by the floods and at a certain flow velocity and depth, vehicles can be easily swept away. Therefore, studying flooded vehicles stability limits is required. Herein, an attempt has been done to assess numerically the floating instability mode of a small passenger car with a scaled-down ratio of 1:10 using FLOW-3D. The 3D car model was placed inside a closed box and the six degrees of freedom numerical simulation was conducted. Later, numerical results validated experimentally and analytically. Results showed that buoyancy depths were 3.6 and 3.8 cm numerically and experimentally, respectively with a percentage difference of 5.4. Further, the buoyancy forces were 8.95 N and 8.97 N numerically and analytically, respectively with a percentage difference of 0.2. With this small difference, it can be concluded that the numerical modeling for such cases using FLOW-3D software can give an acceptable prediction on the vehicle stability limits. {\^A}{\copyright} The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100701278&doi=10.1007\%2f978-981-33-6311-3\%5f30&partnerID=40&md5=39e309e6891fa6eb3e8ddec56edb0fc0},
        keywords = {3D modeling; Buoyancy; Degrees of freedom (mechanics); Floods; Flow velocity; Model automobiles; Numerical models; Offshore oil well production, Buoyancy forces; Flooded vehicles; Instability modes; Numerical results; Passenger vehicles; Six degrees of freedom; Stability limit; Vehicle stability, Stability},
            isbn = {9789813363106},
          author = {Al-Qadami, E. H. H. and Mustaffa, Z. and Mart{\~A}?nez-Gomariz, E. and Yusof, K. W. and Abdurrasheed, A. S. and Shah, S. M. H.},
            issn = {23662557}
}