@article{scholars15727,
          number = {7},
          volume = {12},
            note = {cited By 2},
             doi = {10.1080/17597269.2018.1542569},
           title = {High yield of second-generation ethanol in an ionic Liquid-Cellulase integrated system for single-step processing of empty fruit bunch},
            year = {2021},
         journal = {Biofuels},
       publisher = {Taylor and Francis Ltd.},
           pages = {817--828},
          author = {Elgharbawy, A. A. M. and Alam, M. D. Z. and Moniruzzaman, M. and Ahmad Kabbashi, N. and Jamal, P.},
            issn = {17597269},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85109075377&doi=10.1080\%2f17597269.2018.1542569&partnerID=40&md5=758916660d6ec5008977ad558f818415},
        keywords = {Cellulose derivatives; Ethanol; Fruits; Ionic liquids, Empty fruit bunches; Ethanol production; Inoculum concentrations; Integrated systems; Lignocellulosic material; Response surface methodology; Specific growth rate; Trichoderma reesei, Enzymatic hydrolysis},
        abstract = {Ionic liquids (ILs) are regarded as green solvents and have demonstrated ability in the solvation of lignocellulosic material, thus promoting its enzymatic hydrolysis by cellulases. In this study, cellulase (PKC-Cel) obtained from Trichoderma reesei (RUTC30) through fermentation displayed good stability in choline acetate ChoOAc, a biodegradable IL. Empty fruit bunches (EFB) were subjected to single-step hydrolysis in an IL-enzyme system. Response surface methodology was employed to maximize ethanol production. Three parameters were optimized, namely sugar loading, inoculum concentration, and agitation. The distilled ethanol purity was 98.6\% (v/v). The ethanol yield was 87.94\% of the theoretical yield, which was 0.275 g ethanol g{\^a}??1 EFB. In comparison, the non-IL system produced 0.127 g g{\^a}??1 EFB. The yield coefficients (Formula presented.), (Formula presented.), and (Formula presented.) were 0.552, 0.148, and 3.69 g g{\^a}??1. The specific growth rate (Formula presented.) was determined to be 0.264 h{\^a}??1 and the (Formula presented.) was 0.777 h{\^a}??1. {\^A}{\copyright} 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor \& Francis Group.}
}