eprintid: 15601
rev_number: 2
eprint_status: archive
userid: 1
dir: disk0/00/01/56/01
datestamp: 2023-11-10 03:30:14
lastmod: 2023-11-10 03:30:14
status_changed: 2023-11-10 01:59:53
type: article
metadata_visibility: show
creators_name: Gardezi, S.S.S.
creators_name: Shafiq, N.
creators_name: Hassan, I.
creators_name: Arshid, M.U.
title: Life Cycle Carbon Footprint Assessments, Case Study of Malaysian Housing Sector
ispublished: pub
keywords: Architectural design; Carbon footprint; Environmental impact; Housing; Information theory; Life cycle; Virtual reality, Anthropogenic activity; Building Information Modelling; Case-studies; Climatic conditions; Embodied carbons; Housing sectors; Housing units; Life cycle assessment; Malaysians; Operational carbon, Carbon dioxide, anthropogenic effect; carbon footprint; environmental impact assessment; environmental monitoring; housing project; human activity; life cycle analysis; planning process; sustainability, Malaysia
note: cited By 1
abstract: The ever-increasing concentration of Carbon footprint into the environment has drastically changed the climatic conditions. Among many anthropogenic activities, the housing sector remains one of the major contributors. However, a complete assessment of these environmental impacts throughout the life cycle still remains an area of concern. Most of the study does not assess the impacts by each phase of lifecycle. The current work presents a complete approach for carbon footprint assessment including planning, construction, operational, maintenance and dismantling dispose-off phase. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) with boundary limitations of 'cradle to grave' was adopted. Thirteen housing units were selected as case study. These included detached, semi-detached and terraced types of construction. Selected units were developed in a virtual environment using Building Information Modeling (BIM). The study observed the average contribution range from 1.48 tons-CO2/yr to 2.85 tons-CO2/yr. On individual basis, the execution phase dominated the five phases with almost 43 . The operational phase shared 39  followed by maintenance (15 ), dismantling dispose-off (1.8 ) and planning at the last (1.5 ). The categorization of environmental impact into embodied and operational carbon footprint observed the embodied part in dominance. A strong positive relationship between the area of housing units and resulting carbon impact was also observed. The work presents one of few environmental studies for a tropical housing sector assessing complete life cycle. The study provides a vital guideline to the designers for ensuring a sustainable environment by assessing and opting less carbon intensive options at early stage of planning and design. © 2021 Syed Shujaa Safdar Gardezi et al., published by Sciendo.
date: 2021
publisher: Sciendo
official_url: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85121813339&doi=10.2478%2frtuect-2021-0076&partnerID=40&md5=78f1e0e93ad1ade9b632651b15b85d67
id_number: 10.2478/rtuect-2021-0076
full_text_status: none
publication: Environmental and Climate Technologies
volume: 25
number: 1
pagerange: 1003-1017
refereed: TRUE
issn: 22558837
citation:   Gardezi, S.S.S. and Shafiq, N. and Hassan, I. and Arshid, M.U.  (2021) Life Cycle Carbon Footprint Assessments, Case Study of Malaysian Housing Sector.  Environmental and Climate Technologies, 25 (1).  pp. 1003-1017.  ISSN 22558837