relation: https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/15071/
title: Seawater and produced water treatment via gas hydrate: Review
creator: Nallakukkala, S.
creator: Lal, B.
description: The production of oil and gas can lead to creation of wastewater termed as produced water. In certain cases, produced water can be greater in volume than the oil or gas itself. Huge quantities of produced water is presently being discharged by injection into disposal wells, unrecycled. Owing to the limited availability of fresh water, there is a need to investigate alternate sources of procuring water. One such alternative is seawater, which is abundant, but requires treatment prior to usage. However, concerns relating to drought, availability of disposal wells, induced seismicity possibly linked with the disposal well processes, strict regulations on produced water or seawater release into the environment, and challenging water demands, drive the consideration of other means for use or disposal of the circulating water. This article reviews conventional and latest technologies used for the management of produced water and seawater and specifically examines how gas hydrate technology can be used in these areas, in terms of the status, technology, prospects and evolution of its use in treatment of saline water in various concentrations of brine. It is suggested that gas hydrate-based treatment technology might be the future of produced water management; as the reusable produced water can be clean enough for process industries, livestock watering, irrigation and streamflow augmentation; while the treated seawater can be used in producing potable water. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd.
publisher: Elsevier Ltd
date: 2021
type: Article
type: PeerReviewed
identifier:   Nallakukkala, S. and Lal, B.  (2021) Seawater and produced water treatment via gas hydrate: Review.  Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 9 (2).   ISSN 22133437     
relation: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100026815&doi=10.1016%2fj.jece.2021.105053&partnerID=40&md5=1c07a95b5512f13f34c54bc0afaa0f32
relation: 10.1016/j.jece.2021.105053
identifier: 10.1016/j.jece.2021.105053