@article{scholars14988,
       publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
            note = {cited By 59},
         journal = {Bioresource Technology},
            year = {2021},
             doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124859},
           title = {A practical approach for synthesis of biodiesel via non-edible seeds oils using trimetallic based montmorillonite nano-catalyst},
          volume = {328},
            issn = {09608524},
        abstract = {The potential of new trimetallic (Ce, Cu, La) loaded montmorillonite clay catalyst for synthesizing biodiesel using novel non-edible Celastrus paniculatus Willd seed oil via two-step transesterification reaction has been reported along with catalyst characterization. Transesterification reaction was optimized and maximum biodiesel yield of 89.42 achieved under optimal operating reaction states like; 1:12 oil to methanol ratio, 3.5 of catalyst amount, 120 {\^A}oC of reaction temperature for 3 h. The predicted and experimental biodiesel yields under these reaction conditions were 89.42 and 89.40, which showing less than 0.05 variation. Additionally, optimum biodiesel yield can be predicted by drawing 3D surface plots and 2D contour plots using MINITAB 17 software. For the characterization of the obtained biodiesel, analysis including the GC/MS, FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR were applied. The fuel properties of obtained biodiesel agrees well with the different European Union (EU-14214), China (GB/T 20828), and American (ASTM-951, 6751) standards. {\^A}{\copyright} 2021 Elsevier Ltd},
        keywords = {Biodiesel; Chemical analysis; Clay minerals; Nanocatalysts; Transesterification, Catalyst characterization; European union; Fuel properties; Montmorillonite clay; Reaction conditions; Reaction temperature; Transesterification reaction; Two-step transesterification, Synthetic fuels, acetic acid; ammonium nitrate; biodiesel; cerium; copper; fatty acid ester; fuel; lanthanum oxide; methanol; montmorillonite; petroleum ether; potassium hydroxide; silicon dioxide; sodium hydroxide; vegetable oil; bentonite; biofuel; vegetable oil, biofuel; catalysis; catalyst; chemical reaction; detection method; experimental study; montmorillonite, Article; carbon nuclear magnetic resonance; Celastrus; Celastrus paniculatus; chemical analysis; chemical composition; chemical reaction; data analysis software; diffraction; energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; mass fragmentography; nanocatalyst; nonhuman; plant seed; priority journal; proton nuclear magnetic resonance; quantitative analysis; reaction temperature; response surface method; scanning electron microscopy; surface property; synthesis; transesterification; catalysis; China; esterification; infrared spectroscopy, Celastrus; Celastrus paniculatus, Bentonite; Biofuels; Catalysis; China; Esterification; Plant Oils; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared},
          author = {Munir, M. and Ahmad, M. and Mubashir, M. and Asif, S. and Waseem, A. and Mukhtar, A. and Saqib, S. and Siti Halimatul Munawaroh, H. and Lam, M. K. and Shiong Khoo, K. and Bokhari, A. and Loke Show, P.},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101327753&doi=10.1016\%2fj.biortech.2021.124859&partnerID=40&md5=f64e554ce41498fc5015b6fe2269165c}
}