eprintid: 14928 rev_number: 2 eprint_status: archive userid: 1 dir: disk0/00/01/49/28 datestamp: 2023-11-10 03:29:31 lastmod: 2023-11-10 03:29:31 status_changed: 2023-11-10 01:58:11 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Yar, A. creators_name: Dennis, J.O. creators_name: Yasin, A. creators_name: Din, F.U. creators_name: Irfan, M. creators_name: Khan, M.S. creators_name: Yang, C.-C. creators_name: Jose, R. title: The solar reduction of graphene oxide on a large scale for high density electrochemical energy storage ispublished: pub keywords: Capacitance; Cyclic voltammetry; Electric discharges; Electrochemical electrodes; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Electrolytes; Energy storage; Ionic liquids; Optical instrument lenses; Reduced Graphene Oxide; Reduction, Alkaline aqueous electrolytes; Aqueous electrolyte; Electrochemical double-layer capacitors; Electrochemical energy storage; Galvanostatic charge discharges; Microscopic analysis; Reduced graphene oxides (RGO); Specific capacitance, Graphene, discharge; electrochemistry; electrolyte; energy storage; feasibility study; oxide group; reduction note: cited By 8 abstract: A green, clean, and rapid process employing sunlight for converting a large quantity of graphene oxide (GO) into reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is presented herein. In this protocol, the sunlight is concentrated using a Fresnel lens and focused on GO, and the heat thus generated reduces GO into rGO within seconds. The reduction process and quality of the Fresnel lens rGO (FrGO) thus produced are examined via thermal, spectroscopic, surface, and microscopic analyses. The electrochemical properties and charge storage parameters of FrGO are analysed using galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy using a symmetric electrochemical double layer capacitor in three electrolytes, viz. an alkaline aqueous electrolyte, a neutral aqueous electrolyte, and an ionic liquid. The supercapacitors thus developed delivered specific discharge capacitances of �171, 126, and 135 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 with potentials of 1.2, 2.0, and 3.4 V, respectively. Owing to the larger potential window and specific capacitance, the devices fabricated using the ionic liquid delivered the highest specific energy (ES) and specific power (PS). The best-performing device showed an ES value as high as �60 W h kg-1 and a PS value as high as �6000 W kg-1, thereby demonstrating the feasibility of the process reported herein for practical applications. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry. date: 2021 publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry official_url: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85106067326&doi=10.1039%2fd1se00270h&partnerID=40&md5=891138df004a465b71f80d3ec9785df5 id_number: 10.1039/d1se00270h full_text_status: none publication: Sustainable Energy and Fuels volume: 5 number: 10 pagerange: 2724-2733 refereed: TRUE issn: 23984902 citation: Yar, A. and Dennis, J.O. and Yasin, A. and Din, F.U. and Irfan, M. and Khan, M.S. and Yang, C.-C. and Jose, R. (2021) The solar reduction of graphene oxide on a large scale for high density electrochemical energy storage. Sustainable Energy and Fuels, 5 (10). pp. 2724-2733. ISSN 23984902