@article{scholars14888,
           title = {Sustainable and green pretreatment strategy of Eucheuma denticulatum residues for third-generation L-lactic acid production},
       publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
         journal = {Bioresource Technology},
             doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124930},
            year = {2021},
            note = {cited By 19},
          volume = {330},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102569582&doi=10.1016\%2fj.biortech.2021.124930&partnerID=40&md5=71146fe1a6ff4c4cd3b9c7fe3b3fefb6},
        keywords = {Biodegradable polymers; Energy efficiency; Fossil fuels; Lactic acid; Polyesters, Autohydrolysis; Biodegradable plastics; Environmental concerns; L(+)Lactic acid production; L-lactic acids; Macroalga waste; Microwave-assisted; Plastics waste; Pre-treatments; Third generation, Enzymatic hydrolysis, biopolymer; carbohydrate; carrageenan; cellulose; furfural; galactose; glucose; hydrolase; lactic acid; monomer; monosaccharide; nitric acid; organic compound; polylactic acid; polysaccharide; sulfuric acid; yeast extract; lactic acid, biotechnology; digestibility; energy efficiency; enzyme activity; hydrolysis; organic acid; phytoremediation; plastic waste; recovery; red alga; yeast, anaerobic digestion; Article; atomic force microscopy; controlled study; energy balance; enzymatic hydrolysis; enzyme degradation; Eucheuma; Eucheuma denticulatum; fermentation optimization; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; green chemistry; hydrolysis kinetics; lactic acid fermentation; macroalgae waste; microwave assisted autohydrolysis; microwave radiation; nonhuman; plastic waste; priority journal; renewable resource; saccharification; scanning electron microscopy; waste management; fermentation; hydrolysis; red alga; seaweed, Eucheuma denticulatum, Fermentation; Hydrolysis; Lactic Acid; Rhodophyta; Seaweed},
        abstract = {Managing plastic waste remains an urgent environmental concern and switching to biodegradable plastics can reduce the dependence on depleting fossil fuels. This study emphasises the efficacy of macroalgae wastes, Eucheuma denticulatum residues (EDRs), as potential alternate feedstock to produce L-lactic acid (L-LA), the monomer of polylactic acid, through fermentation. An innovative environmental friendly strategy was explored in this study to develop a glucose platform from EDRs: pretreatment with microwave-assisted autohydrolysis (MAA) applied to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of EDRs. The results indicate that MAA pretreatment significantly increased the digestibility of EDRs during the enzymatic hydrolysis process. The optimum pretreatment conditions were 120 {\^A}oC and 50 min, resulting in 96.5 of enzymatic digestibility after 48 h. The high L-LA yield of 98.6 was obtained using pretreated EDRs and supplemented with yeast extract. The energy analysis implies that MAA pretreatment could further improve the overall energy efficiency of the process. {\^A}{\copyright} 2021 Elsevier Ltd},
          author = {Chai, C. Y. and Tan, I. S. and Foo, H. C. Y. and Lam, M. K. and Tong, K. T. X. and Lee, K. T.},
            issn = {09608524}
}