eprintid: 14864
rev_number: 2
eprint_status: archive
userid: 1
dir: disk0/00/01/48/64
datestamp: 2023-11-10 03:29:27
lastmod: 2023-11-10 03:29:27
status_changed: 2023-11-10 01:58:01
type: article
metadata_visibility: show
creators_name: Khalid, H.U.
creators_name: Ismail, M.C.
creators_name: Nosbi, N.
title: Degradation monitoring of hdpe material in co2-saturated nacl environment through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique
ispublished: pub
keywords: Carbon dioxide; Crystallinity; Degradation; Dielectric devices; Dielectric losses; Differential scanning calorimetry; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Glass industry; Glass transition; High density polyethylenes; Scanning electron microscopy; Thermogravimetric analysis, Characteristic temperature; Degradation products; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques; Evaluation criteria; Field emission scanning electron microscopes; High density polyethylene(HDPE); High temperature and pressure; Lower frequencies, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
note: cited By 2
abstract: Extensive damage due to saturated seawater and CO2 exposure under high temperature and pressure in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) has been studied by Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The degradation of square-shaped HDPE samples having 1 mm thickness was investigated at 70 bars with 60, 75, and 90 °C separately for three weeks in an autoclave chamber. A clear indication of aging was observed in terms of chain scission by the formation of the methyl group (1262 cm�1), and the appearance of degradation products, including the alcohol and hydroxyl groups. The de-cline in glass transition temperature (Tg), melting point (Tm), and crystallinity (Xc) result from branching and formation of degradation products in the aged samples. TGA results reveal that the degradation shifts the characteristic temperatures (T5 and T10) to lower values compared to virgin HDPE. FESEM images show clear surface cracks and rough patches after 3 weeks. The Xc value increased due to chain mobility at higher temperatures (90 °C). The impedance is relatively high 1011 ohms.cm�2 for a virgin sample, but it drops down to 109 and 106 after degradation. Impedance and dielectric loss were correlated, and the significance of dielectric loss was observed at lower frequencies. These characterizations will contribute to more efficient and detailed evaluation criteria for degradation monitoring. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
date: 2021
publisher: MDPI AG
official_url: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107412464&doi=10.3390%2fma14112823&partnerID=40&md5=3be87e1cc3fff0fba6f10b0693a070ec
id_number: 10.3390/ma14112823
full_text_status: none
publication: Materials
volume: 14
number: 11
refereed: TRUE
issn: 19961944
citation:   Khalid, H.U. and Ismail, M.C. and Nosbi, N.  (2021) Degradation monitoring of hdpe material in co2-saturated nacl environment through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique.  Materials, 14 (11).   ISSN 19961944