eprintid: 14325 rev_number: 2 eprint_status: archive userid: 1 dir: disk0/00/01/43/25 datestamp: 2023-11-10 03:28:54 lastmod: 2023-11-10 03:28:54 status_changed: 2023-11-10 01:56:37 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Sharifigaliuk, H. creators_name: Mahmood, S.M. creators_name: Rezaee, R. creators_name: Saeedi, A. title: Conventional methods for wettability determination of shales: A comprehensive review of challenges, lessons learned, and way forward ispublished: pub keywords: Contact angle; Flotation; Horizontal wells; Petroleum industry; Porous materials; Resource valuation; Shale, Consistency; Conventional methods; Critical properties; Fluid distribution; Fractional flow; Oil and gas production; Porous medium; Situ fluids; Spontaneous imbibition; Unconventional resources, Wetting, gas production; hydrocarbon reservoir; imbibition; oil production; shale; wettability, Canada; China note: cited By 9 abstract: The wettability is a critical property that governs the in situ fluid distribution, fractional flow, and hydrocarbon trapping in the porous media. This topic is of immense interest to the petroleum industry for the exploitation of unconventional resources, which have become a significant source of oil and gas production, especially in North America, Canada, and China, as a result of the advancement of horizontal drilling and fracking technologies. The conventional techniques as the central focus for wettability determination of shales include contact angle, spontaneous imbibition, and flotation. This paper reviews the published literature and analyzes the challenges and lessons learned from each method applicable for shales. The results of various techniques are compared, and their consistency is highlighted. Comparative contact angle measurements can characterize the surficial wettability and hysteresis of dynamic processes in shales. Spontaneous imbibition is recommended as the most realistic and representative measurement method, whereas it reveals the pore connectivity of the internal pore network. However, different liquid/rock interactions, mainly clay swelling and the creation of micro-fractures, affect the results thus necessitate the application of reservoir triaxial stress conditions on shale samples. In this review, finally, some concluding remarks and recommendations are presented. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd date: 2021 publisher: Elsevier Ltd official_url: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85112691017&doi=10.1016%2fj.marpetgeo.2021.105288&partnerID=40&md5=f5f9ea74b3e10bbb2485d4551b5b10a7 id_number: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2021.105288 full_text_status: none publication: Marine and Petroleum Geology volume: 133 refereed: TRUE issn: 02648172 citation: Sharifigaliuk, H. and Mahmood, S.M. and Rezaee, R. and Saeedi, A. (2021) Conventional methods for wettability determination of shales: A comprehensive review of challenges, lessons learned, and way forward. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 133. ISSN 02648172