@article{scholars14202,
          volume = {176},
            note = {cited By 22},
             doi = {10.1016/j.bej.2021.108216},
            year = {2021},
           title = {Development and optimization of ionic liquid-based emulsion liquid membrane process for efficient recovery of lactic acid from aqueous streams},
       publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
         journal = {Biochemical Engineering Journal},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85116036317&doi=10.1016\%2fj.bej.2021.108216&partnerID=40&md5=bd6e67f0a9c7fefa7baf14afdd6b52bc},
        keywords = {Bioactivity; Chlorine compounds; Efficiency; Emulsification; Extraction; Lactic acid; Liquid membranes; Olive oil; Optimization; Sodium hydroxide, Bioactives; Biologically active compounds; Emulsion liquid membranes; Emulsion membranes; Emulsion technology; Membrane process; Optimisations; Optimized conditions; Solvent based; Tetramethylammonium chloride, Ionic liquids, acetic acid; diluent; ionic liquid; lactic acid; quaternary ammonium derivative; tetramethylammonium; tetramethylammonium chloride; tributylmethylammonium; vegetable oil, aqueous solution; Article; comparative study; complex formation; controlled study; emulsion; extraction; hydrophobicity; liquid membrane; membrane; molecular stability; phase separation; process optimization; reaction analysis; stream (river); waste water management},
        abstract = {Development of ionic liquid-based emulsion membranes (ILEMs) has emerged as potential alternatives to organic solvent-based emulsion membranes for the extraction and recovery of biologically active compounds from aqueous streams. Hence, present study aims to develop novel ILEMs for the removal of bioactive lactic acid (LA) from aqueous streams using 100 vegetable oil as diluent. A series of ILEMs were prepared using three different ionic liquids (ILs) namely tetramethylammonium chloride TMAmCl, tetramethylammonium acetate TMAmAc and tributylmethylammonium chloride TBMAmCl as a carrier. Besides, olive oil used as diluent, NaOH used as stripping agent, Tween 80 and Span 20 were employed as emulsifier in ILEMs preparation. The visual static stability of ILEMs was observed and the ILEM extraction efficiency was fully optimized in terms of various process parameters. The results showed that short-chain acetate based quaternary ammonium IL TMAmAc provided greater efficiency compared to chloride based ILs TMAmCl and TBMAmCl. A maximum of 94.50\% LA removal was obtained with TMAmAc at optimized conditions of 0.05 M LA, 1.0 wt.\% Span 20, 0.3 M NaOH, 0.3 wt.\% TMAmAc, 0.3 ratio of internal phase to diluent phase and 3:1 treat ratio (ratio of external phase to membrane phase) at a stirring speed of 250 rpm for 25 min. The emulsion was found stable for 134 min at the optimized conditions. Overall, this newly developed ILEM could be effectively used for the LA removal and other bioactive compounds from aqueous streams. {\^A}{\copyright} 2021 Elsevier B.V.},
          author = {Khan, H. W. and Reddy, A. V. B. and Bustam, M. A. and Goto, M. and Moniruzzaman, M.},
            issn = {1369703X}
}