@article{scholars14148,
           title = {Enhancement of charge transport of a dye-sensitized solar cell utilizing tio2 quantum dot photoelectrode film},
          number = {12},
            note = {cited By 1},
          volume = {11},
             doi = {10.3390/coatings11121442},
         journal = {Coatings},
       publisher = {MDPI},
            year = {2021},
            issn = {20796412},
          author = {Zaine, S. N. A. and Mohamed, N. M. and Khatani, M. and Shahid, M. U.},
        abstract = {A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) is the third generation of solar technology, utilizing TiO2 nanoparticles with sizes of 20{\^a}??30 nm as the photoelectrode material. The integration of smaller nanoparticles has the advantage of providing a larger surface area, yet the presence of grain boundaries is inevitable, resulting in a higher probability of electron trapping. This study reports on the improvement of charge transport through the integration of quantum dot (QD) TiO2 with a size of less than 10 nm as the dye absorption photoelectrode layer. The QD TiO2 samples were synthesized through sol{\^a}??gel and reflux methods in a controlled pH solution without surfactants. The synthesized samples were analyzed using microscopic, diffraction, absorption, as well as spectroscopic analyses. A current{\^a}??voltage and impedance analysis was used to evaluate the performance of a DSC integrated with synthesized TiO2 as the photoelectrode material. The sample with smaller crystallite structures led to a large surface area and exhibited a higher dye absorption capability. Interestingly, a DSC integrated with QD TiO2 showed a higher steady-state electron density and a lower electron recombination rate. The shallow distribution of the trap state led to an improvement of the electron trapping/de-trapping process between the Fermi level and the conduction band of oxide photoelectrode material, hence improving the lifetime of generated electrons and the overall performance of the DSC. {\^A}{\copyright} 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85121594322&doi=10.3390\%2fcoatings11121442&partnerID=40&md5=6f0a1c8198b1067a7be1a6c91af23014}
}