@article{scholars13604,
             doi = {10.15282/ijame.17.4.2020.06.0629},
          volume = {17},
            note = {cited By 1},
          number = {4},
           title = {Heat Transfer Rate Optimisation of Ionanofluid Based Heat Sink Using ANSYS},
            year = {2020},
           pages = {8326--8337},
       publisher = {Universiti Malaysia Pahang},
         journal = {International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering},
        abstract = {Heat dissipation of various electrical and electronic devices has been a significant concern in the current years of modernisation. Many researchers proved that a liquid-cooled microchannel heat sink (MCHS) is an effective way of removing high heat load. Due to ionic liquids{\^a}?? unique properties such as negligible volatility, non-flammability, high thermal stability, and ionic conductivity, this liquid is combined with nanofluids to synthesise a new class of potential fluids termed Ionanofluids (ionic liquid-based nanofluids). In this research, a numerical simulation of fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of MWCNT (Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes) based Ionanofluids as a coolant in a rectangular-shaped microchannel heat sink is analysed. The Two-step method is used for preparing the studied Ionanofluids consisting of 0.5 wt. of MWCNT nanoparticles ultra-sonicated with a mixture of propylene glycol and 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BmimCl-ionic liquid) fluids. Copper micro channelled heat sink comprising 1 m channel height, 25 {\^A}um of channel diameter, and 0.7 m channel width is modelled and simulated with ANSYS-Fluent. The results showed that the heat transfer coefficient increases about 11.4\% while the thermal resistance decreases about 15.18\% by using the proposed ionanofluids with the concentration of 0.5 wt.\% at Re=2000 compared with that of an MCHS with propylene glycol. Moreover, the pressure drop along the studied MCHS increased up to a maximum of 30 kPa for higher heat gradients. Ionanofluids decreased the thermal resistance and temperature difference between the heated surface of the MCHS and Ionanofluids inlet to a greater extent when validated with pure base fluid and previous studies. From the simulated results, a better cooling performance is observed with Ionanofluids compared to pure propylene glycol (PG) for the proposed microchannel heat sink. {\^A}{\copyright} The Authors 2020. Published by Penerbit UMP. This is an open access article under the CC BY license.},
        keywords = {Chlorine compounds; Flow of fluids; Glycols; Heat sinks; Heat transfer; Ionic liquids; Microchannels; Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCN); Nanofluidics; Polyols; Propylene, 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride; Cooling performance; Fluid flow and heat transfers; Heat transfer rate; High thermal stability; Micro channel heat sinks; Rectangular-shaped; Temperature differences, Heat resistance},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85103681708&doi=10.15282\%2fijame.17.4.2020.06.0629&partnerID=40&md5=7a25d93f9b2ec5ff7542be24b695563a},
            issn = {22298649},
          author = {Bakthavatchalam, B. and Habib, K. and Hussein, O. A. and Saidur, R. and Irshad, K.}
}